The real relationship in psychotherapy: Relationships to adult attachments, working alliance, transference, and therapy outcome.

The purpose of this study was to understand how the real relationship (RR) relates to important process and outcome variables from both the clients’ and therapists’ perspectives. Using a sample of 31 therapist/client dyads at a university counseling center, the authors examined the RR at the 3rd session of therapy and at termination. The results revealed that client adult attachment avoidance was negatively correlated with client RR, while client adult attachment anxiety was uncorrelated. Therapists’ ratings of negative transference were negatively correlated with therapist-rated RR and were uncorrelated with client-rated RR. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses were conducted to predict postintervention outcome from client and therapist perceptions of the RR. Therapists’ ratings of the RR accounted for a significant amount of variance in client posttreatment symptoms while controlling pretreatment symptoms. Client-rated RR total scores and client and therapist 3rd-session alliance scores were not significant predictors of postsymptom ratings. Implications of the usefulness of measuring the RR in psychotherapy are discussed, as are recommendations for future study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of transference work in the context of therapeutic alliance and quality of object relations.

Objective: Transference interpretation is considered as a core active ingredient in dynamic psychotherapy. In common clinical theory, it is maintained that more mature relationships, as well as a strong therapeutic alliance, may be prerequisites for successful transference work. In this study, the interaction between quality of object relations, transference interpretation, and alliance is estimated. Method: One hundred outpatients seeking psychotherapy for depression, anxiety, and personality disorders were randomly assigned to 1 year of weekly sessions of dynamic psychotherapy with transference interpretation or to the same type and duration of treatment, but without the use of transference interpretation. Quality of Object Relations (QOR)–lifelong pattern was evaluated before treatment (P. H?glend, 1994). The Working Alliance Inventory (A. O. Horvath & L. S. Greenberg, 1989; T. J. Tracey & A. M. Kokotovic, 1989) was rated in Session 7. The primary outcome variable was the Psychodynamic Functioning Scales (P. H?glend et al., 2000), measured at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 1 year after treatment termination. Results: A significant Treatment Group × Quality of Object Relations × Alliance interaction was present, indicating that alliance had a significantly different impact on effects of transference interpretation, depending on the level of QOR. The impact of transference interpretation on psychodynamic functioning was more positive within the context of a weak therapeutic alliance for patients with low quality of object relations. For patients with more mature object relations and high alliance, the authors observed a negative effect of transference work. Conclusion: The specific effects of transference work was influenced by the interaction of object relations and alliance, but in the direct opposite direction of what is generally maintained in mainstream clinical theory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Amine‐Functionalized Boron Nitride Nanosheets: A New Functional Additive for Robust,Flexible Ion Gel Electrolyte with High Lithium‐Ion Transference Number

Ion gel electrolytes show great potential in solid‐state batteries attributed to their outstanding characteristics. However, because of the strong ionic nature of ionic liquids, ion gel electrolytes generally exhibit low lithium‐ion transference number, limiting its practical application. Amine‐functionalized boron nitride (BN) nanosheets (AFBNNSs) are used as an additive into ion gel electrolytes for improving their ion transport properties. The AFBNNSs‐ion gel shows much improved mechanical strength and thermal stability. The lithium‐ion transference number is increased from 0.12 to 0.23 due to AFBNNS addition. More importantly, for the first time, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis reveals that the amine groups on the BN nanosheets have strong interaction with the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anions, which significantly reduces the anion mobility and consequently increases lithium‐ion mobility. Battery cells using the optimized AFBNNSs‐ion gel electrolyte exhibit stable lithium deposition and excellent electrochemical performance. A LiFePO₄|Li cell retains 92.2% of its initial specific capacity after the 60th cycle while the cell without AFBNNSs‐gel electrolyte only retains 53.5%. The results not only demonstrate a new strategy to improve lithium‐ion transference number in ionic liquid electrolytes, but also open up a potential avenue to achieve solid‐state lithium metal batteries with improved performance.     

流媒体技术与现代远程教育

较详细地阐述了远程教育的发展现状,重点分析了远程教育发展中存在的问题,介绍了流式传输和流媒体技术基本原理,总结了流媒体技术的优势,重点介绍了采用流媒体技术可以有效地解决远程教育中存在的不足,指出配合网络技术、多媒体技术、流媒体技术的远程教育代表着教育技术的方向和未来。     

One person and two person psychologies and the method of psychoanalysis.

The distinction between a monadic theory of mind (a one-person psychology) and a relational theory of mind (a two-person psychology) is crucial in understanding psychoanalytic concepts. However, some psychoanalytic theorists see these two models as essentially complementary whereas others see them as contradictory and irreconcilable. I argue that the artificial distinction between clinical theory and metapsychology obscures the recognition that the most fundamental psychoanalytic clinical concepts and procedures were formulated and historically understood as one-person phenomena. Transference was not conceptualized as an interpersonal event occurring between two people but was rather understood as a process occurring within the mind of the analysand. The article attempts to extricate fundamental clinical concepts from the quasibiological drive theory that has dominated both our metapsychology and our clinical theory, and to reexamine the value of these clinical concepts within a relational, contextual, and intersubjective framework. The article examines the method of free association in order to illustrate the different implications of one-person and two-person psychologies. I propose that a two-person or relational field theory does not need to neglect or minimize the... (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The therapeutic experience of psychoanalytic inquiry.

Even from so brief an outline, as background for this review, it is possible to see why the continued effort to defend Freud's metapsychology and extend it into the present, has fallen on hard times. The first, Ferenczi's Diary, is, in my opinion, of critical historical importance; the second, Edelson's Theory in Crisis, is clearly rooted in that history, continuing Freud's heavy emphasis on sex into contemporary psychoanalysis; the third, Goldberg's Fresh Look, represents an effort to do psychoanalytic therapy with a group of patients that is explicitly excluded from it by classical diagnostic metapsychology; and the fourth, R. Marshall and S. Marshall's Transference-Countertransference Matrix, presents an original contemporary paradigm for joining together the study of transference, first noticed by Freud after his 1900 work with Dora, with the study of countertransference, first directly explored by Ferenczi in 1931-1932 with R. N. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Hopfield网的初等关联分析及仿真试验

关于Ｈｏｐｆｉｅｌｄ网的输出转移轨迹、吸引子、吸引域和如何逃离局部极小点等问题，尤其是对具有一般的权系数和偏置的网络，一直没有得到很好的解决。本文首先定义了Ｈｏｐｆｉｅｌｄ网的初等关联网络，分析了初等关联网络的性质，找出了具有关联关系的网络输出转移轨迹之间存在的关联关系和规律，使得如果已知了一个网络的输出转移轨迹，利用这一规律可以很容易地得出与其相关联的网络的输出转移轨迹，并给出了它们的吸引子之间关系的结论，为Ｈｏｎｆｉｌｅｄ网络的局部极小点的逃离、最不容错网络的判断提供了方法，对网络的进一步分析和设计提供了一种新的方法和途径。所进行的大量计算机仿真实验验证了这一规律的存在。     

电力电子技术及应用的发展状况

本文介绍了电力电子的性能特点、发展水平及应用领域。较全面地阐述了电力电子技术及应用情况。对电力电子器件、电力电子功率变换及其技术的应用发展等情况作了较详尽地说明。并对电力电子技术在各工业领域中的应用状况作了概要的介绍。     

Erotic and eroticized transference--A self psychology perspective.

The purpose of this article is to elucidate the contributions of self psychology to the understanding of the erotic and eroticized transference. Aspects of two cases are discussed (24- and 32-yr-old women), which illustrate the differences between these two transference configurations. Eroticized transference emerges when selfobject longings for mirroring are eroticized. Self-esteem in these patients is defensively structured around a capacity to engender sexual excitement in another person. The interpretive process should reflect an awareness of sexuality as a defensive substitute for other selfobject longings and a genetic understanding of the specific absence of responsiveness to other aspects of the self. Erotic transference emerges in a very different manner. These patients begin to develop sexual feelings for the therapist as a revived longing for a response to the sexual aspect of the self. It is an attempt to resume a normal developmental pathway and consolidate a sexual sense of self. The family background of these patients reflects an absence of affirming responses in regard to physical qualities and sexuality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

"How anti-gay bias compromised a treatment: A commentary on Meissner (2006)": Reply.

Responds to the comments made by Michael C. Singer (see record 2008-00996-012) on the current author's original article, "Time on my hands: The dilemma of the chronically late patient" (see record 2006-20697-003). The current author states "I am grateful to Dr. Singer for his interest and stringent criticism. However, in reading his commentary I had the odd feeling that I was being caustically attacked for views expressed in an article I did not write. However, perhaps the deficiency is mine in that my expression failed to achieve an adequate level of clarity and precision." The author regrets that he could not write an article to suit Dr. Singer's tastes, and that in the article he did write there were unavoidable gaps and deficiencies in the material because of the time constraints and distortions in the analysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)