火焰原子吸收光谱法测定污水中的铬、镉、铅

建立了一种准确的重金属元素铬（Cr）、镉（Cd）、铅（Ph）的火焰原子吸收光谱检测方法，并在优化的操作条件下，对实验室污水水样进行湿法消解，测定。通过精密度、最低检出限及加标回收率实验，对实验方法的可靠性进行了评估。     

应用ICP-MS、AFS、GF-AAS测定食品中As、Cd、Hg、Pb方法的对比研究

应用ICP-MS法测定食品中的As、Cd、Hg、Pb,AFS法测定As、Hg,GF AAS法测定Cd、Pb,并对3种测定方法进行对比研究。采用微波消解法作为ICP MS法的样品前处理方法,湿式消解法作为AFS、GF-AAS法的前处理方法。通过优化消解条件,优化ICP-MS、AFS及GF AAS仪器测定工作条件,选择适宜内标元素、EPA200.8标准干扰校正方程、硫脲-抗坏血酸掩蔽剂、硝酸镁-硝酸钯混合基体改进剂等办法,利用小麦粉(GBW08503b)和大米粉(GBW10010)国家标准物质验证各方法的准确度与可靠性。测定值均在标准值允许范围内,食品试样比对测定结果相对偏差均小于20%。ICP-MS法线性动态范围宽,不必稀释样品,适合批量样品多元素同时分析,但仪器昂贵、实验成本相对较高;AFS、GF-AAS法是单一元素分析,保证了测定结果准确、可靠,但由于线性范围窄,部分样品需要稀释,分析周期较长。     

Hg1—xCdxTe液相外延薄膜的晶体质量分析

本文用Ｘ－射线双晶遥摆曲线，分析了Ｈｇ１－ｘＣｄｘＴｅ外延薄膜的晶体质量。结果表明，用垂直浸渍液相外延方法生长的Ｈｇ１－ｘＣｄｘＴｅ薄膜，结构均匀性好，晶体质量高，Ｈｇ１－ｘＣｄｘＴｅ外延薄膜表面层的晶体质量，优于其界面层；同时，Ｈｇ１－ｘＣｄｘＴｅ外延薄膜表面层的位错密度，可通过Ｘ－射线双晶遥摆曲线的半峰算得到。     

The application of reticulated vitreous carbon rotating cylinder electrodes to the removal of cadmium and copper ions from solution

The removal of cadmium and cupric ions from 0.50 mol dm^?3 Na₂SO₄ at pH 2 and 298 K was studied using a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) rotating cylinder electrode (RCE). The cathode was a 100 pores per linear inch porosity grade with a radius of 0.5 cm, a height of 1.2 cm and a volume of 0.94 cm 3 . The cathode was rotated a constant speed of 1500 rev min^?1. A rate enhancement of approximately three times is reported for the removal of cupric ions from a chloride solution (0.05 mol dm^?3 cupric ions in 0.1 mol dm^?3 NaCl at pH 7) when compared with the analogous reaction in acid sulfate solutions (0.50 mol dm^?3 Na₂SO₄ at pH 2). SEM images of the metal deposit morphology allow the morphology of the metal deposits to be characterised. The deposits showed incomplete coverage of the RVC surface and appreciable roughness developed with time due to dendritic growths. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Theoretical and experimental aspects of a two-step short cycle,based on ZnO and CdO intended for storage of solar energy

In the present paper, chemical and energetical considerations about hybrid thermal electrochemical cycles based on zinc and cadmium oxides are developed. Intermediate reactions have been taken into account. Numerical data obtained from decomposition experiments of the oxides in a solar furnace and from electrolysis experiments with Zn and Cd metals (or metal-oxide mixtures) used as an anode, are discussed. The energy balance for the hydrogen production using the mentioned cycles is compared with a direct electrolytic water-splitting process working with thermopiles or photopiles solar plants as electricity source.     

Hg1—xCdxTe的远红外透射光谱与晶格振动

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪，在４．２～３００Ｋ、２０～３５０ｃｍ－１范围测量了Ｈｇ１－ｘＣｄｘＴｅ的远红外透射光谱，研究了剩余射线吸收带两侧样品的吸收行为．除了单声子及双声子模外，还观察到杂质能级和由杂质导致的振动模     

短波紫外光照射对n型碲镉汞探测器的影响

用波长以１８４９和２５３７为主的短波紫外光对经阳极氧化的光电导器件进行一定时间的照射，结果表明，器件探测率和响应率显著提高．     

Modelling the thermodynamic data for hcp Zn and Cu–Zn alloys– an ab initio and calphad approach

The phase diagrams of systems between zinc and elements such as Cu, Ag and Au show two distinct hcp phases on the Zn side of the system. Because of this, it is difficult to model the thermodynamic properties of these phases within a single dataset. As a result it is common to assess the data for these systems with two hexagonal phases, a phase HCP_A3 with a near ideal c/a ratio and the terminal solid solution of Zn with an anomalously high value for this ratio designated as HCP_ZN. We have examined the effect of additions of Cu on the enthalpy of mixing and lattice parameters of HCP_ZN in order to verify, using ab initio calculations, the origin of the above mentioned thermodynamic model for the alloy. The analysis of the calculations allows us to suggest a possible alternative to the state-of-the-art two hcp phases approach akin to the magnetic model used with success within the CALPHAD modelling.     

Crystallization kinetics of magnetron-sputtered amorphous CoNbZr thin films

For non-isothermal and isothermal annealing, the crystallization kinetics of magnetron sputtered Co_85.5Nb_8.9Zr_5.6 amorphous alloy thin films have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry measurements. As a result, in the case of non-isothermal crystallization, one distinct exothermic peak is observed at 470 °C, which is due to the crystallization of hcp α-Co. With the Kissinger method, the apparent activation energy was obtained to be 99.82 kJ/mol. By using the Deloy-Ozawa method, the local activation energy of non-isothermal crystallization was calculated. For isothermal crystallization, the Avrami exponents were determined by means of the Johson-Mehl-Avrami equation, which is in the range of 1.19-1.37. Based on an Arrhenius relationship, the local activation energy was analyzed, which yields an average value E_c=88.51 kJ/mol. Finally, the local Avrami exponent was used for discussing the details of the nucleation and growth behaviour during the isothermal crystallization.     

氧化石墨烯/有机改性膨润土复合材料的制备及其对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附

以氧化石墨烯（GO）、膨润土（Bent）、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为原料,合成了GO/有机改性Bent （OM-Bent）复合材料,用其处理浓度为10 mg·L^-1的含Cd （Ⅱ）废水。研究了GO/OM-Bent复合材料中GO含量、pH、GO/OM-Bent复合材料投加量、反应时间、Cd （Ⅱ）初始浓度及共存离子对GO/OM-Bent复合材料吸附Cd （Ⅱ）的影响。结果表明：在pH值为6、GO质量分数为30wt%、GO/OM-Bent复合材料投加量为200 mg·L^-1时,GO/OM-Bent复合材料吸附Cd （Ⅱ）效果最佳,120 min即达到平衡,较同等条件下OM-Bent和GO单独作用时Cd （Ⅱ）吸附量分别高12.01 mg·g^-1和5.39 mg·g^-1;准二级动力学模型能很好地描述其吸附过程,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,温度为303 K时,GO/OM-Bent复合材料对Cd （Ⅱ）的最大吸附量为133.33 mg·g^-1。解吸实验结果表明,经5次吸附-解吸循环实验后,Cd （Ⅱ）的吸附率仍高达83.5%,说明GO/OM-Bent复合材料具有很好的循环再生性能。