航空镉镍蓄电池低温性能研究

分析了航空镉镍蓄电池的使用现状和要求，论述了影响航空镉镍蓄电池低温放电性能的主要因素，并根据试验找出了解决的方法。验证结果表明，航空镉镍蓄电池的低温性能有了较大提高，现在可满足环境温度-18℃飞机发动机的启动要求。     

负载纳米ZnS阳离子树脂选择性去除浓锌溶液中的痕量级Cu2+和Cd2+

通过将ZnS纳米粒子负载在阳离子树脂D001中制备负载纳米ZnS阳离子树脂吸附剂,即ZnS@D001,吸附湿法冶金锌浸出液中共存杂质金属离子（如Cu2+和Cd2+）。在10 g/L Zn2+的合成溶液中实现了对Cu2+的高度优先吸附,而对Cd2+没有任何吸附效果。吸附后的ZnS@D001树脂可以被1 mol/L HNO3有效解吸,然后再次负载ZnS。同时利用含有Cu2+和Cd2+的Zn2+溶液进行固定床柱吸附测试。经过吸附处理后,可以有效去除溶液中的铜杂质,纳米ZnS树脂可作为锌冶炼行业深度净化锌液的潜在功能材料。     

潼关金矿区农田土壤Cd污染分析

潼关金矿区是中国重要的黄金产地。在金矿石的开采及选冶生产过程中,矿石中的有毒重金属Cd会污染矿区周围环境。文中以133件土壤样品Cd含量为基础,研究了该矿区土壤Cd的分布特征。土壤Cd含量范围为0.00~45.20mg/kg,部分样品的Cd含量极高,受污染程度严重。土壤Cd累积污染超标倍数表明,研究区42.11%的样品土壤受到轻度污染,15.03%的样品土壤属于中度以上污染。农田土壤Cd含量的空间分布显示,土壤Cd含量较高的范围与矿业活动的污染源基本一致,说明矿业活动对土壤Cd含量影响较为明显。通过尾矿渣中Cd的分析,进一步证明金矿生产活动是造成土壤Cd污染的主要原因。     

接种微生物对黑心菊铅镉耐性的影响及联合修复效果

采用室内盆栽试验，外源添加不同浓度的Pb、Cd混合污染，研究单、双接种淡紫拟青霉菌、拟青霉菌、嗜麦芽窄食单细胞菌对黑心菊耐受力的影响和联合修复的效果。结果表明，接种微生物能有效缓解不同浓度铅镉复合污染土壤对黑心菊的毒害，拟青霉菌和淡紫拟青霉菌组合接种后黑心菊生物量提高73.1%～207.31%,表现出最好的耐受能力。除淡紫拟青霉菌、嗜麦芽窄食单细胞菌双接种外，其余五种接种方式黑心菊Pb、Cd富集系数及转运系数大于1,双接种在富集能力上表现优于单接种。接种微生物后土壤有效态Pb、Cd含量分别提高8.91%～702.22%和0.13%～23.26%,在土壤Pb 1 500 mg/kg、Cd 1 mg/kg浓度下，黑心菊-微生物联合修复具有良好的效果，有利于对土壤中Pb、Cd的活化，其中拟青霉菌和淡紫拟青霉菌组合接种效果最佳。     

Tuning the band gap edges of perovskite material by Cd doping for achieving high current density in perovskite solar cells

Defect-free perovskite materials are necessary for developing efficient solar cells. On FTO-glass substrates (0%, 3%, and 6%), cadmium-doped methylammonium lead bromide (Cd-MAPbBr₃) films have been deposited. Doping does not affect the cubic crystal structure of MAPbBr₃; however, it has increased the grain size, according to XRD. The band gap is decreased at 3% of Cd doping, due to which the deep-level traps are decreased. Every cell shows good performance, but the cell formed with 3% Cd doping has a high fill factor (0.81), open circuit voltage (1.04 V), considerable short-circuit current density (7.2 mA/cm²), and efficiency (6.05%). The high open circuit voltages and current density refer to the accumulation of charges at the holes and electrons transport layers being reduced due to Cd doping.     

钙离子光频标钟跃迁绝对频率测量

回顾了中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院对钙离子光频标钟跃迁绝对频率的测量工作，并对测量结果被国际计量委员会（CIPM）下属的时间频率咨询委员会（CCTF）采纳的情况进行了总结和描述。在2011～2020年间，利用实验室型光频标和可搬运光钟，采用基于飞秒光梳和卫星链路的方案溯源到国际秒定义，及基于飞秒光梳直接溯源到中国计量科学研究院铯喷泉微波钟的方案，多次测量了钙离子光频标钟跃迁绝对频率，测量不确定度从10^-15量级逐步提高到10^-16量级，共计4个测量结果被CCTF采纳。参与钙离子光频标钟跃迁频率国际推荐值的计算，分别于2012年、2015年、2017年和2021年先后四次更新了钙离子光频标钟跃迁频率推荐值。钙离子光频标钟跃迁于2021年被推荐为新增的“秒的次级表示”。     

Ni2+掺杂Cd0.5Zn0.5S固溶体制备及可见光分解水制氢研究

采用水热法制备了Cd0.5Zn0.5S和Ni2+掺杂Ni(m)/Cd0.5Zn0.5S固溶体光催化剂。通过XRD、UV-Vis漫反射光谱和电化学方法表征了催化剂的结构和光电性能，并考查了固溶体在以三乙醇胺为电子给体、可见光（λ≥420 nm）照射下光催化分解水制氢活性。结果表明，Ni2+掺杂后提高了催化剂对可见光的吸收，促进了光生电子—空穴的有效分离，有效提高了Cd0.5Zn0.5S固溶体的光催化制氢活性。当Ni2+的掺杂量为5%（摩尔百分数），反应体系NaOH浓度为0.5 mol/L时，催化剂活性最高，Ni(5)/Cd0.5Zn0.5S制氢活性为纯Cd0.5Zn0.5S固溶体的5倍。催化剂经15 h反应具有良好的稳定性。     

Two temperature-dependent 2D heterometallic Cd(II)–Dy(III) coordination polymers exhibiting slow magnetic relaxation and luminescence properties

Two unique two-dimensional (2D) Cd(II)–Dy(III) heterometallic coordination polymers, {[DyCd(HPMA)(PMA)₂(H₂O)₄]·2H₂O}_n (1) and [DyCd(PAA)(PMA)₂(H₂O)₃]_n (2, PAA^– = phenylacetate), were prepared successfully based on the phenylmalonic acid (H₂PMA). The construction of two polymers is sensitive to the reaction temperature and can be synthesized directionally at room temperature and 90 °C, respectively. Complexes 1 and 2 display 2D layer structures that include dinuclear [Dy₂] cluster node and Dy(III)-based 1D zigzag chain motif severally. The Dy(III)-based units in two structures both are spaced well with the adjacent ones by the diamagnetic Cd(II)-based moieties. The magnetic studies reveal that 1 and 2 both display slow magnetic relaxation with temperature-dependent relaxation peaks producing an effective energy barrier (Δτ) of 74.5 and 32.1 K, separately. Furthermore, the solid-state photophysical properties of 1 and 2 show strong characteristic luminescent emissions of Dy(III) ion in the visible region.     

A novel fabrication strategy for alloyed Cd–Zn–S quantum dots–embedded glass with efficient red emission

Quantum dots–embedded glasses (QDEGs) can combine the unique optical properties of QDs with high physicochemical stability and good mechanical properties of glasses, which have been widely investigated and applied in lighting and display. However, precise controlling the concentration and size distribution of QDs, and precipitating QDs with desired compositions or multicomponents in glass are still challenges for the traditional melt-quenching method. Herein, a series of alloyed Cd–Zn–S QDEGs from green to red emission is successfully prepared via a novel fabrication strategy for the first time. Specifically, the solid-solution precursors crack during the sintering process to form the well-dispersed QDs with a narrow distribution, attributing to the gradient sulfur composition and the shearing force induced by the thermal migration of sulfur vacancies. Significantly, the quantum yield of Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S QDEG could reach 30%, among the top results of efficient red-emissive QDEG materials. Finally, using QDEGs as light converters, a UV-pumped warm white light–emitting diode with a correlated color temperature of 4238 K was achieved, which demonstrate the potential applications of the alloyed Cd–Zn–S QDEGs. These results will inspire more explorations on this fabrication strategy to develop novel QDEGs with a high optical performance for practical applications.     

Interfacial Chemical Bond and Oxygen Vacancy-Enhanced In2O3/CdSe-DETA S-scheme Heterojunction for Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion

The S-scheme heterojunctions have great potential for photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction due to their unique carrier migration pathways, superior carrier separation efficiencies, and high redox capacities. However, the precise process of the oriented powerful electron transport remains a great challenge. Herein, an In O Cd bond-modulated S-scheme heterojunction of In₂O₃/CdSe-DETA is synthesized by a simple microwave-assisted hydrothermal method for the accelerated photogenerated electron transfer. Meanwhile, the oxygen vacancies (Vo) of In₂O₃ have an electron capture effect. Consequently, thanks to the synergistic effect of this In-Vo-In-O-Cd structural units at the interface, electrons are extracted and rapidly transferred to the surface-active sites, which improves the electronic coupling of CO₂. This finding precisely adjusts the electron transfer pathway and shortens the electron transfer distance. The synergistic effect of this chemical bond established in the S-scheme heterostructure with oxygen vacancies in In₂O₃ (Vo-In₂O₃) provides new insights into photocatalytic CO₂ reduction.