The Influence of the Fractal Dimension of Rough Surfaces on the Adhesion of Elastic Materials

Abstract

In this paper we analyse the adhesion between a rubber block and a rigid randomly rough profile. The focus of the investigation is on the influence of the work of adhesion and of the fractal dimension Df of the rough profile on the contact behaviour. In particular, we analyse how the contact area and the power spectral density of the deformed profile are affected by the two aforementioned quantities. We find that at sufficiently small loads the influence of Df is negligible. However, the scenario strongly changes at higher loads as Df strongly affects the number of contact spots. Calculations show that the contact area depends linearly on the work of adhesion, whereas only a negligible influence of the work of adhesion is found on the power spectral density (PSD) of the deformed profile.     

Study on Tribological Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene Drawn Uniaxially at Different Temperature

Summary: Wear behavior correlations with morphology have been established from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) drawn at 200, 327, and 375 °C with draw ratio about 4. The friction coefficient and wear rate for PTFE drawn at 327 °C are lower and the wear rate is lower than that of undrawn PTFE by about 30%. The structures of samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), DSC, and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). Results indicate that the debris morphologies of samples are different. The differences in the tribological behavior of undrawn and drawn samples were attributed to the improvement of the degree of the crystalline, fibrillation, and orderliness by drawing, especially, for PTFE drawn at 327 °C. The orderliness of molecular arrangement along the drawn direction is also higher for PTFE drawn at 327 °C than those of PTFE drawn at 200 and 375 °C, respectively. Therefore, the intensity of covalent bond along drawn direction is higher. The shear resistance and the deformability of the material are greatly improved and the size of the wear breakage unit decreases, which results in a good tribological property for PTFE drawn at 327 °C.

SEM morphology of fractured surface perpendicular to the draw direction for PTFE drawn at 327 °C.     

离子液体极压抗磨剂的研究进展

极压抗磨剂是一类重要的润滑油添加剂,是齿轮油不可缺少的主剂。相比传统极压抗磨剂,离子液体结构的可设计性、分子中含有的活性元素、优异的化学稳定性及较高的热分解温度,使其在摩擦学领域受到广泛关注。基础油的极性会对离子液体的溶解性能有所影响,基于此,本文归纳了离子液体分子构型对其在不同极性基础油中溶解度影响的研究进展,探讨了离子液体在不同极性基础油中的摩擦学性能及作用机理,总结了离子液体与其他添加剂复配的效果。文中指出,大多离子液体在极性油中有较好的溶解度,在非极性油中阳离子和阴离子结构对其溶解性都有影响;在极性油中与非极性油中,具有优异摩擦学性能的离子液体都含有活性元素;离子液体与其他添加剂的复配会对其性能有所影响。最后,结合目前工作中的不足之处,针对离子液体极压抗磨剂的未来发展方向提供了建议。     

复合添加剂对α-Al2O3/低碳钢-的影响

采用盘销式摩擦试验机，在润滑油中加不同添加剂润滑条件下，对α－Al2O3／低碳钢摩擦副的摩擦特性进行了定量试验研究，并采用SEM扫描电子显微镜对磨痕表面形貌进行了定性分析，最后给出一个最佳配方。     

An Experimental Study of Friction and Durability of a Thin PTFE Film on Rough Aluminum Substrates

Frictional and durability characteristics of 1-µm-thick polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films deposited by hot filament chemical vapor deposition on aluminum substrates were investigated. A universal microtribotester was used to examine the frictional and durability properties using the ball-on-plate and ball-on-disk configurations, respectively. Effects of normal force (2.5, 5, 10, 15 N), sliding speed (0.1, 1, 5 mm/s), and surface roughness of the aluminum substrate (R_a = 0.01, 0.57, 1.28, 2.34 µm) on the coefficient of friction (COF) and the effects of normal force (2.5, 5 N), sliding speed (0.42, 4.19 mm/s), and surface roughness on the durability were investigated. It was shown that the COF of the PTFE-coated interface increases with increasing surface roughness or sliding speed. The COF depends on the normal force to a lesser extent than the other two parameters. The medium-level, O(0.5 µm), roughness of the substrate provides the longest durability, whereas the smoothest or very rough surface provides shorter durability. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates that the surface roughness has the most significant effect on the COF and durability. In the case of a smooth interface, a relationship between COF, sliding speed, and normal force can be predicted. Results indicate an optimal surface roughness for improving durability.     

碳量子点的摩擦学研究进展

机械设备的摩擦和磨损,造成了大量材料和能量消耗。碳量子点（Carbon Quantum Dots,CQDs）是一种新型零维纳米材料,具有独特的物化性质和良好的摩擦学性能,能够提高基础油的润滑性,延长机械设备的使用寿命,逐渐成为润滑领域中绿色、有前途的减摩抗磨材料。首先简要概述制备CQDs的至上而下和至下而上的两大类方法,然后着重介绍了CQDs作为润滑添加剂表面功能化、杂原子掺杂、纳米复合材料制备3种改善摩擦性能的策略,通过梳理CQDs基纳米材料作为减摩抗磨剂添加剂在摩擦学领域的应用实例,发现与其他纳米材料相比,CQDs具有超小的尺寸、表面官能团可调、分散性好、吸附稳定性好、毒性低、环境友好、易合成、成本低等优点,这些独特的性质造就了其优异的减摩抗磨性,证明了CQDs基纳米材料在摩擦学中拥有巨大的应用潜力。之后对CQDs作为润滑油添加剂的滚动轴承效应、形成润滑保护膜、填充修复效应和抛光效应4种润滑机制进行了总结和分析。最后概述了目前CQDs在摩擦学领域一些亟待解决的关键性问题,并展望了CQDs在未来摩擦学领域应用的发展趋势。CQDs在润滑领域的成功应用为具有更好减摩和抗磨性能的下一代碳纳...     

脉冲电沉积TiO_2/Zn纳米复合镀层的制备与性能

采用脉冲电沉积法,在紫铜基体上制备了TiO2/Zn纳米复合镀层.考察了脉冲电流密度对复合镀层中TiO2质量分数的影响,分析了复合镀层的力学性能和摩擦学性能.结果表明:当脉冲电流密度达到2.5 A/cm2时,纳米复合镀层中TiO2的质量分数最大;当复合镀层中的TiO2质量分数在1.8%～2.8%范围内变化时,随着TiO2质量分数的增加,镀层的显微硬度增大,摩擦因数减小,耐磨性增强.     

Molybdenum based amorphous and nanocrystalline coatings prepared by high velocity oxy-fuel spraying

The high velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF) based thermal spray process has developed as a potential advantageous approach for fabricating various kinds of functional coatings.In this article,the coatings of Mo-based alloy were synthesized using the HVOF process.The microstructure and the mechanical properties of the HVOF-processed coatings were investigated using SEM,TEM,XRD,and hardness and wear tests.Annealing treatment was applied to the as-sprayed coatings to develop the microstructure and its effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings was examined.It is found that the HVOF-processed Mo-based alloy coatings are comprised of an amorphous splat matrix embedded with nano-sized crystalline particles.Annealing at temperatures over 950 ℃ results into crystallization of the amorphous matrix.The mechanical properties of the as-sprayed coatings are enhanced with annealing temperature up to 750 ℃ and from 950 to 1050 ℃,keeps constant between 750 and 950 ℃,and reduce over 1050 ℃.The change of the mechanical property with the microstructure was illustrated in the study.     

Macro- and nanotribological properties of organosilane monolayers prepared by a chemical vapor adsorption method on silicon substrates

Organosilane monolayers are novel ultrathin films used to control the physicochemical properties, such as friction and wear, of solid surfaces. In this study, the authors prepared alkylsilane and fluoroalkylsilane monolayers with a series of chain lengths by a chemical vapor adsorption method. The monolayers tribological properties were investigated by lateral force microscope (LFM) and friction tester. LFM nanoscale measurements of tribological properties showed that alkylsilane monolayer gave lower lateral force than the Si substrate surface. The lateral force decreased as the length of the alkyl chain increased. On the macroscale, friction test revealed that the organosilane monolayers gave lower dynamic friction coefficients than the Si substrate surface in air at room temperature. The longer the alkyl chain, the greater the wear resistance of the organosilane monolayers. Friction experiments using tetradecane as a lubricant showed better tribological properties than were obtained in air. Furthermore, microscopically line-patterned two-component organosilane monolayers were prepared and their macroscopic friction behavior was investigated. Even though the height difference between the two-components was less than 1 nm, friction force anisotropy between the parallel and perpendicular directions against the line pattern was observed.     

小载荷下滑动往复摩擦测试平台的研制

描述了自行研制的小载荷下滑动往复摩擦测试平台的工作原理。所设计的测力传感器能同时测定正压力和摩擦力，其悬臂由一组相互垂直的平行弹性钢片组成，其解耦特性经有限元软件ANSYS得到证明。采用虚拟仪器技术在PC机上实现了力信号的采集、分析与显示。标定及实测使用表明，该测试平台具有较高的测量精度和分辨力，适合小载荷（mN）下材料的摩擦性能测试。