马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯对无卤阻燃PE-HD护套料的改性研究

研究了马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯对无卤抑烟阻燃PE-HD护套料的改性效果，并进行了增韧机理上的探讨。采用扫描电镜对复合材料进行了断面观察，并测试了材料的力学性能、流变性能、耐热性能和氧指数。结果表明，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯能够极大地提高复合材料的界面相容性，增强材料的界面相互作用，提高阻燃剂微粒在树脂基体中的分散效果，同时形成了一个可塑性界面层，所以能够提高材料的韧性。     

硼酸锌微粉的合成及应用

本文介绍了用作阻燃剂的水合硼酸锌微粉的性质,合成方法和应用领域,并对如何制备纳米硼酸锌提出展望。     

Rheological Properties of Wormlike Micelles Formed in Aqueous Systems of 3‐Alkoxy‐2‐hydroxypropyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromides in the Presence of Sodium Octanoate

The rheological properties of aqueous systems composed of each of the four homologous cationic surfactants (3‐alkoxy‐2‐hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium bromides, C_nHTAB, n = 12, 14, 16 and 18) in the presence of an anionic surfactant, sodium octanoate (SO), have been studied by using steady state and frequency sweep rheological measurements. The effects of surfactant concentration, hydrophobic chain length and temperature were investigated. In C₁₄HTAB solution, the viscosity shows shear thinning in the concentration range of C_C14HTAB >320 mmol/kg. Addition of SO promotes the micellar growth and results in the generation of wormlike micelles. Zero‐shear viscosity (η₀) of the binary surfactant system exhibits a maximum point in the investigated concentration range, suggesting the interaction between C₁₄HTAB and SO molecules is strongest at the optimal ratio of C₁₄HTAB with SO. The decrease in viscosity was attributed to be the transition from entangled wormlike micelles to branching micelles after the maximum point, cryo‐TEM images revealed the changes in the structure of the wormlike micelles.     

Flame retardancy,antifungal efficacies,and physical–mechanical properties for wood/polymer composites containing zinc borate

This work aimed to examine flame retardancy, antifungal performance and physical–mechanical properties for silane‐treated wood–polymer composites (WPCs) containing zinc borate (ZnB). ZnB with content from 0.0 to 7.0 wt% was added to WPCs, and silane‐treated wood contents were varied. The polymers used were poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). The decay test was performed according to the European standard EN 113. Loweporus sp., a white‐rot fungus, was used for antifungal performance evaluation. Antifungal performance was observed to decrease with wood content. Incorporation of ZnB at 1.0 wt% significantly increased the antifungal performance of WPCs. ZnB content of greater than 1.0 wt% lowered the antifungal properties of WPCs. The results suggested that the wood/PVC composite exhibited better antifungal performance than the wood/HDPE composite. The addition of wood flour to PVC and HDPE decreased flame retardancy, whereas the incorporation of ZnB retained the flame retardancy. ZnB was found to be more appropriate for wood/PVC than wood/HDPE as a result of hydrogen chloride generated from the dehydrochlorination reaction of PVC. The results indicated that the addition of ZnB did not affect the physical‐mechanical properties of neat polymers and the composites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Flame Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Toughened Phenolic Foams Containing a Melamine Phosphate Borate

A melamine phosphate borate flame retardant was prepared through a solvothermal method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, element analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The incorporation of melamine phosphate borate into the phenolic foams toughened by polyethylene glycol results in an increase in limiting oxygen index and a decrease in peak heat release rate, smoke, and CO and CO₂ production. The mechanical tests reveal that the incorporation of melamine phosphate borate leads to a further improvement in flexural strength and compressive strength, and a decrease in the pulverization ratios of the toughened foams. Moreover, the thermal stability of the toughened PF foams containing melamine phosphate borate was studied.     

一种含磷硼酸酯润滑油添加剂的制备及性能研究

试验采用酯化法,选用乙醇作为带水剂,以十六醇、硼酸与五氧化二磷为原料,在一定的条件下反应,生成一种水解稳定性高、抗磨性能好的含磷硼酸酯润滑油添加剂。合成的最佳反应条件为十六醇、硼酸与五氧化二磷的摩尔比为7∶2∶1,反应温度为105~110℃,脱水反应4 h。用四球机测试含该添加剂的基础油的抗磨性能,结果表明试验制备的含磷硼酸添加剂能显著提高基础油的抗磨性能,且其添加剂存在一个最佳值。将所合成的含磷硼酸酯润滑油添加剂在新东北电气集团罐体车间试用,润滑效果与抗磨性能非常适宜。     

一种新型有机硼交联剂与硼砂交联剂的对比

从瓜胶压裂液的粘度、交联时间、粘时性、滤失性和破胶性五方面,评价了有机硼ALP-3和硼砂交联剂对压裂液冻胶性能的影响。结果表明,两种交联剂均能满足现场施工要求,但新型有机硼交联剂更适用于温度较高、井深较大的油气井。     

Dehydration,Water Vapor Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of Zn[B3O3(OH)5] · H2O and Zn[B3O4(OH)3]

The dehydration behaviors of two different hydrated zinc borate species, Zn[B₃O₃(OH)₅] · H₂O and Zn[B₃O₄(OH)₃], which are industrially important flame retardants, were studied by thermal gravimetric(TG) analysis and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. Dehydration onset temperatures of Zn[B₃O₃(OH)₅] · H₂O and Zn[B₃O₄(OH)₃] were 129 and 320°C, respectively, at a 10°C/min ramp rate. A very small amount of boric acid was volatilized in addition to water vapor when both samples were heated at 250°C. A significant amount of water vapor was adsorbed by Zn[B₃O₃(OH)₅] · H₂O from air at 25°C. However, Zn[B₃O₄(OH)₃] adsorbed a very small amount of water under the same conditions. Both zinc borates did not have a tendency to cake during storage.     

DEVELOPMENT OF SYNERGISTIC HEAT STABILIZERS FOR PVC FROM ZINC BORATE-ZINC PHOSPHATE

The importance of flame-retardant and smoke-suppressed poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) compositions is increasing gradually in the polymer industry since PVC releases smoke and toxic gases (hydrogen chloride, HCl) during heating at temperatures above 140°C with the result of dehydrochlorination reaction. In this study, the synergistic effects of zinc borate (ZB)-zinc phosphate (ZP) on the thermal stability of PVC were investigated using thermal techniques. The induction and stability time values of PVC plastigels were obtained at 140° and 160°C. The results revealed that PVC plastigels having only ZP and ZB retarded dehydrochlorination of PVC compared with the unstabilized sample. However, the plastigels with both ZB and ZP had a superior synergistic effect on char formation of PVC. Since the induction periods of the samples having both ZB and ZP were higher than those of the unstabilized samples having only ZB or only ZP, the synergistic effect was observed.     

Synthesis of cationic polyacrylamide by aqueous two‐phase polymerization in poly(ethylene glycol) chloride solution

Aqueous two‐phase copolymerization of acrylamide(AM) and acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC) was performed in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) solution and in PEG chloride(Cl‐PEG) solution, respectively. Series of cationic polyacrylamide(CPAM) aqueous dispersion were prepared using potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator. The effect of total amount of monomers, the dosage of initiator, the content of dispersant, the mass ratio of AM to DAC, and the temperature on the conversion, molecular weight, cationic degree, and stability of aqueous dispersion were studied in detail. It is found that the increase of initiator and reaction temperature resulted in the increase of the final conversion, whereas the increase of DAC and PEG concentration resulted in the decrease of the final conversion. The optimum reaction conditions of synthesis were as follows: (1) PEG‐H₂O system: PEG 7.5 g, AM 8 g, DAC 2 g, KPS 0.05 g, H₂O 100 mL, 70°C. In this process conditions, the molecular weight of CPAM was 3.21 × 10⁶, the cationic degree of CPAM was 24.4%, the storage stability of the aqueous dispersion was over 3 months. (2) Cl‐PEG‐H₂O system: Cl‐PEG 7.5 g, AM 8 g, DAC 2 g, KPS 0.05 g, H₂O 100 mL, 65°C. In this process conditions, the molecular weight was 3.68 × 10⁶, the cationic degree was 23.3%, and the storage stability of the aqueous dispersion was over 6 months. In general, the stability of CPAM aqueous dispersion in Cl‐PEG system is much better than in PEG system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013