中性点不接地电力系统异地两相短路故障的案例分析

在中性点不接地电力系统继电保护的整定和接地线校验热稳定分析等工作中,需要对复杂的异地两相接地短路电流进行计算,现有算法求解困难.通过分拆系统零序阻抗,将异地两相接地短路电流计算化简为2个单相接地短路电流计算,对35kV系统的异地两相接地短路事故实际案例进行分析,验证了该算法,并给出供电线路继电保护整定的改进建议.     

基于静电传感器空间滤波法测量固相速度

以点电荷为例,计算静电感应电极上感应电荷的表达式,点电荷在测量区内运动,根据电极的幅频响应,并将感应电荷表达式看作门函数,得到空间滤波法测速原理,并且在整个频率范围内对测速原理进行推广。利用信号频谱分析中的特征频率建立空间滤波测量速度,其可以用于静电传感器测量气/固两相流的流动速度表达式。采用自谱密度的转换矩阵,对静电传感器输出电压信号作自谱密度分析,得到其频谱特性,找到特征频率(峰幅频率)完成速度测量。通过实验验证其方法是可行的,并通过实验来校正比例因数和校正因子。     

蛋白质双水相液液平衡的热力学模型与研究进展

双水相体系由于性质温和、操作方便、分离效率高,以及不会导致被分离物质的破坏和失活等优点,被广泛应用于生物大分子物质的分离和纯化.目前主要应用的双水相体系有高聚物-高聚物体系、高聚物-电解质体系和近年来刚发展起来的胶束双水相体系.针对此3种不同类型的分离体系,分析了蛋白质在其中分配系数的热力学模型,希望对进一步研究有所帮助和启发.     

高密度气固两相流颗粒质量通量的自动测量方法

提出了一种新的计量罐结构,实现了冷态实验条件下高密度气固两相流的颗粒质量通量的快速、连续测量。新的计量罐设计要求能够快速、准确地测量颗粒料位变化,采用新设计的透射式红外料位探头可以满足这个要求。本装置在大型循环流化床冷态模型中实现了高颗粒质量通量(150kgm-2s-1)的准确测量。最后还给出了该测量方法在热态应用中的一些考虑。     

A Numerical Sirnulation of Gas-Particle Two-Phase Flow in a Suspension Bed Using DifFusion Flux Model

A mathematical modei of two-dimensional turbulent gas-particle twophase flow based on the modified diffusion flux modei (DFM) and a numerical simulation method to analyze the gas-particle flow structures are developed. The modified diffusion flux modei, in which the acceleration due to various forces is taken into account for the calculation of the diffusion velocity of particles, is applicable to the analysis of multi-dimensional gas-particle two-phase turbulent flow. In order to verify its accuracy and efficiency, the numerical simulation by DFM is compared with experimental studies and the prediction by k-ε-kp two-fluid modei, which shows a reasonable agreement. It is confirmed that the modified diffusion flux modei is suitable for simulating the multi-dimensional gas-particle two-phase flow.     

A Hydrodynamic Modei for Slug Frequency in Horizontal Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow

The prediction of slug frequency has important significance on gas-liquid two-phase flow. A hydrody-namic modei was put forward to evaluate slug frequency for horizontal two-phase flow, based on the dependence of slug frequency on the frequency of unstable interfacial wave. Using air and water, experimental verification of the modei was carried out in a large range of flow parameters. Six electrical probes were installed at different positions of a horizontal plexiglass pipe to detect slug frequency development. The pipe is 30m long and its inner diameter is 24 mm. It is observed experimentally that the interfacial wave frequency at the inlet is about l to 3 times the frequency of stable slug. The slug frequencies predicted by the modei fit well with Tronconi (1990) modei and the experimental data. The combination of the hydrodynamic modei and the experimental data results in a conclusion that the frequency of equilibrium liquid slug is approximately half the miniraum frequency of interfacial wave.     

A novel hybrid process design for efficient recovery of hydrophilic ionic liquids from dilute aqueous solutions

Ionic liquids (ILs) have received much attention in both academia and industries due to their superior performance in many applications. Efficient recovery/recycling of ILs from their dilute aqueous solutions is essential for the acceptance and implementation of many IL-based technologies by industry. In this work, a practical and cost-effective hybrid process design method that combines aqueous two-phase extraction, membrane separation, and distillation operating at their highest efficiencies is proposed for the recovery of hydrophilic ILs from dilute aqueous solutions. The application of this hybrid process design method is illustrated through case studies of recovering two hydrophilic ILs, n-butylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([C₄Py][TfO]) (CAS number: 390423-43-5) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C₄mIm][Cl]) (CAS number: 79917-90-1), from their dilute aqueous solutions. For the recovery of 10 wt.% [C₄Py][TfO] from aqueous solution, the hybrid process using (NH₄)₂SO₄ as the salting-out agent could reduce the total annual cost (TAC) and energy consumption by 57% and 91%, respectively, compared with the pure distillation processes. In the case of recovering 10 wt.% [C₄mIm][Cl] from aqueous solution, the reduction in TAC and energy savings of the hybrid process with salting-out agent (NH₄)₂SO₃ could reach 49% and 87%, respectively, compared with the pure distillation process. Furthermore, uncertainty analysis through Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed hybrid process design is more robust to uncertainties in energy prices and other material (e.g., equipment and solvent) costs.     

Evaporative Heat Transfer of Annular Two-phase Flow of Air-water in a Small Vertical Tube

The evaporative heat transfer of the non-boiling annular two-phase flow of air-water in a small vertical tube with uniform wall heat flux was studied both theoretically and experimentally. A simplified two-phase flow boundary layer model was used to calculate the thickness of the water film attached to the wall, and from the liquid film thickness the evaporative heat transfer coefficients of the annular two-phase flow were obtained. Theoretical equations and semi-theoretical equations were proposed for predicting the evaporative heat transfer of the annular two-phase flow of air-water in a small vertical tube. The semi-theoretical prediction agrees well with the experimental data. The mechanism of the heat transfer enhancement is the evaporation of the thin liquid film attached on the wall.     

Mathematical Modeling of Drying of Liquid/Solid Slurries in Steady State One-Dimensional Flow

ABSTRACT

A mathematical model of simultaneous mass, heat and momentum transfer for two-phase flow of a gas and a solid/liquid slurry was developed. The model was applied to calculation of the drying process of coal-water slurry droplets in a gas medium in a steady one-dimensional flow. The model was based on the well-known two-stage drying process for slurry droplets. After the first period of drying, in which the evaporation rate is controlled by the gas phase resistance, the evaporating liquid diffuses through the porous shell (crust) and then, by convection, into the gas medium. Inside the dry external crust of the drop, a wet central core forms, which shrinks as evaporation proceeds. The temperature of the slurry droplet rises. The process ends when the temperature of the dry outer crust reaches the coal ignition temperature in the case of combustion or when the moisture of the particle reaches the final required moisture. The developed model was based on one-dimensional balance equations of mass, energy and momentum for the liquid/solid and gas phases. The system of governing equations was represented by first-order differential equations and solved simultaneously. The numerical solution of the governing equations was obtained using Gear's method. The model permitted calculation     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF DRYING IN A CYCLONE

ABSTRACT

This work presents a complete improved mathematical model of drying in cyclone. The slip condition of the particles on the wall, the heat transfer wall-panicle and the shrinkage of the panicles during the drying process were considered. The mathematical model considers a two-dimensional turbulent gas-particle flow where the panicle phase is treated as a continuum. The momentum equations of both particle and gas phases were written in cylindrical coordinates. The discretized equations were solved by the SIMPLE algorithm. Considering the slip condition to the panicle phase and the shrinkage of the material during the drying process it was revealed a better fitness between numerical and experimental results than the previous model.