Direction finding receiver for UWB impulse radio signal in multipath environment

In this paper, we propose a direction finding (DF) receiver for ultra wideband impulse radio (UWB‐IR) signal in a realistic multipath environment. The receiver uses an array of antenna, where each antenna is connected to a proposed propagation‐delay estimation structure. The advantage of the proposed structure is that it outputs a trapezoidal signal whose amplitude reflects the propagation delay and thus relaxes the sampling rate requirement of the analog‐to‐digital‐converter (ADC). The angle‐of‐arrival (AOA) is estimated from the vector of propagation delays measured with respect to reference antenna. Because these estimated delays contain outliers, we propose a simple AOA estimation algorithm based on minimum fractional‐distance search. Experimental results based on simulation show that the proposed DF receiver achieves better performance compared with the minimum ?₁‐ and ?₂‐based (least‐squares based) distance search. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Novel UWB Transceiver for WBAN Networks: A Study on AWGN Channels

A novel ultra‐wideband (UWB) transceiver structure is presented to be used in wireless body area networks (WBANs). In the proposed structure, a data channel and a control channel are combined into a single transmission signal. In the signal, a modulation method mixing pulse position modulation and pulse amplitude modulation is proposed. A mathematical framework calculating the power spectrum density of the proposed pulse‐based signal evaluates its coexistence with conventional radio systems. The transceiver structure is discussed, and the receiving performance is investigated in the additive white Gaussian noise channel. It is demonstrated that the proposed scheme is easier to match to the UWB emission mask than conventional UWB systems. The proposed scheme achieves the data rate requirement of WBAN; the logical control channel achieves better receiving performance than the logical data channel, which is useful for controlling and maintaining networks. The proposed scheme is also easy to implement.     

A Low‐Complexity 128‐Point Mixed‐Radix FFT Processor for MB‐OFDM UWB Systems

In this paper, we present a fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor with four parallel data paths for multiband orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing ultra‐wideband systems. The proposed 128‐point FFT processor employs both a modified radix‐2⁴ algorithm and a radix‐2³ algorithm to significantly reduce the numbers of complex constant multipliers and complex booth multipliers. It also employs substructure‐sharing multiplication units instead of constant multipliers to efficiently conduct multiplication operations with only addition and shift operations. The proposed FFT processor is implemented and tested using 0.18 µm CMOS technology with a supply voltage of 1.8 V. The hardware‐ efficient 128‐point FFT processor with four data streams can support a data processing rate of up to 1 Gsample/s while consuming 112 mW. The implementation results show that the proposed 128‐point mixed‐radix FFT architecture significantly reduces the hardware cost and power consumption in comparison to existing 128‐point FFT architectures.     

Millimeter wave band ultra wideband transmitter MMIC

This paper presents a new millimeter-wave (MMW) ultra wideband (UWB) transmitter MMIC which has been developed in an OMMIC 0.1 μm GaAs PHEMT foundry process (f_t = 100 GHz) for 22-29 GHz vehicular radar systems. The transmitter is composed of an MMW negative resistance oscillator (NRO), a power amplifier (PA), and two UWB pulse generators (PGs). In order to convert the UWB pulse signal to MMW frequency and reduce the total power consumption, the MMW NRO is driven by one of the UWB pulse generators and the power amplifier is triggered by another UWB pulse generator. The main advantages of this transmitter are: new design, simple architecture, high-precision distance measurements, infinite ON/OFF switch ratio, and low power consumption. The total power consumption of the transmitter MMIC is 218 mW with a peak output power of 5.5 dBm at 27 GHz.     

信息管理中UWB系统信道估计与均衡算法及实现

通过介绍UWB技术的发展现状,着重阐述了MB-OFDM UWB通信系统的物理层帧结构和信道模型。在分析最小二乘(LS)信道估计算法和基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)信道估计算法的基础上,针对MB-OFDM UWB信号帧结构特征提出了一种基于FFT变换和Hannan-Quinn(HQ)准则的改进算法,即FFT-HQ信道估计算法。该文也提出了一种基于信道估计的自适应均衡算法,利用仿真可以看出此均衡算法在性能上优于传统的基于LS算法调整均衡器系数的方法。     

Cu CMP工艺对薄膜介电常数的影响机制

研究了使用不同研磨液的Cu CMP工艺对超低介电常数(ULK)薄膜介电常数k值的影响.实验结果表明经过Cu CMP工艺,ULK薄膜的介电常数k均有不同程度的增加.XPS成分分析结果表明,ULK薄膜表面C含量的增加是造成介电常数k值升高的主要原因.这主要是由于CMP工艺中,化学品溶液进入多孔的ULK薄膜.而退火工艺可以使得化学品挥发,从而使ULK薄膜表面C含量降低,由此介电常数k基本上得以恢复.初步建立了Cu CMP工艺对介电常数k影响的物理模型.根据模型计算的k结果为2.75,与实测值2.8基本符合.     

PtSi薄膜超薄化及连续性研究

减薄膜厚有利于提高ＰｔＳｉ红外探测器的量子效率。本文研究了膜厚减薄工艺对薄膜连续性的影响。用ＸＲＤ观察物相,ＳＥＭ、ＴＥＭ研究薄膜连续性,并给出理论解释,实验表明用混合生长（Ｓ－Ｋ）模式能形成超薄连续薄膜。     

用XPS法研究SiO_2/4H-SiC界面的组成

利用X射线光电子谱(XPS)研究了高温氧化形成的SiO2/4H-SiC界面的化学组成.获取低浓度HF酸刻蚀速度基础上制备出超薄氧化膜(1～1.5 nm)样品,并借助标准物对照法辅助谱峰分析.结果表明,高温氧化SiO2/4H-SiC界面,类石墨碳较多,除Si1 成分外,还存在Si2 和Si3 两种低值氧化物.三种工艺处理后界面成分含量的对比,指出界面成分可通过合理工艺有效控制,以C-V测试曲线印证了界面成分减少对电学特性的改善.     

超细CL-20/HMX共晶的制备、表征及其与推进剂组分的相容性

通过加入微量溶剂,采用超高效混合技术,在70 g的加速度条件下反应30 min制备得到摩尔比为2∶1的超细六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷与奥克托今(CL-20/HMX)共晶,通过X射线粉末衍射、差示扫描量热法鉴定了CL-20/HMX共晶的形成,并对其形貌、粒度、感度等进行了表征测试。结果表明:制备的超细CL-20/HMX共晶纯度为92.6%,共晶炸药呈规则块状、表面光滑、粒径小于1μm、粒度分布均匀,其X射线衍射图在11.558°,13.264°,18.601°,24.474°,33.785°,36.269°处出现新的较强的衍射峰。超细CL-20/HMX共晶放热分解过程中只有一个放热分解峰,其放热峰温为248.3℃,其分解放热量(2192.1 J·g^-1),显著高于相同摩尔比的物理混合物(1327.3 J·g^-1)。按照GJB772A-1997《炸药试验方法》测得的摩擦感度比原料CL-20降低了16%,特性落高比原料CL-20提高28.6 cm,比原料HMX提高11.5 cm,形成共晶后安全性能更高。采用DSC法研究了超细CL-20/HMX共晶与推进剂常用组分均聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(HGAP)、硝化甘油/1,2,4-丁三醇三硝酸酯混合物(NG/BTTN)、缩二脲三异氰酸酯(N-100)、高氯酸铵(AP)、铝粉(Al)的相容性,发现超细CL-20/HMX共晶与NG/BTTN、AP、Al的相容性较好,与HGAP、N-100不相容。     

工厂化生产金针菇技术的研究

金针菇沿用常规的食用菌生产方式,产量低,成本高,经济效益差。本课题采用了培养料微波杀菌;全封闭半自动转盘式接种机,脉冲亚紫外光的制备及运用于诱发子实体原基,栽培过程中的温湿度闭环自动控制,高频高压及高压静电技术净化培养室空气等新技术,使金针菇生产提高工效十倍以上,染菌率减少到2%以下,生物效益达100%,出菇整齐,健壮,商品价值高。