Aspects of moisture kinetics of coal bottom ash in concrete

The moisture kinetics aspects of composite granular material samples composed of natural sand and bottom ash (BA) from thermoelectric power stations and the use of this material in the production of durable concretes, in relation to water transport, are here discussed. The evaluations of the phenomenon of water absorption by capillarity and the loss of water through air drying until hygroscopic equilibrium, were carried out in accordance with classic procedures found in the literature and also newly developed procedures. The results showed that due to the high porosity of BA, the water absorption by capillarity along with the absorption velocity were higher in the compositions with greater BA content. The values for moisture equilibrium from air drying, absorption from capillarity and sorptivity obtained in the hygroscopic equilibrium tests, carried out on the same samples after absorption, were also higher in the samples with BA. These samples also requited a longer drying time.     

Mineralogy of clean coal combustion by-products

Coal combustion technologies are changing in order to burn coal more cleanly. Many “clean combustion“ and postcombustion technologies are developed to remove SO2 and NOx gases, particulate matter during combustion, or from the flue gases leaving the furnace. This paper focuses on three types of fly ash (flue gas desulfurization (FGD) residuals, atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) residuals and sorbent duct injection (SDI) residuals) which produced by “the clean combustion“ and postcombustion technologies. The residuals formed by FGD are PCFA (pulverized coal fly ash) grains entrained with reacted and unreacted sorbent and have lower bulk densities than PCFA grains because it contains higher concentrations of calcium and sulfur, and lower concentrations of silicon, aluminum and iron than PCFAs. AFBC residuals consist of spent bed which is a heterogeneous mixture of coarse-grained bed material and irregularly shaped, unfused, spherical PCFAs. The main crystalline phases in AFBC residuals are anhydrite (reacted sorbent), quartz and lime (unreacted sobent), calcite, hematite, periclase, magnetite and feldspars.The residuals produced by SDI contained 65%-70% PCFA with the larger sizes material being irregularly shaped, fused or roughedged. The reaction products of sorbent (portlandite and lime) included calcium sulfate (anhydrite) and calcium sulfate. The chemical properties of these residuals are similar to those of high calcium PCFAs because of the high alkalinity and high pH of these residuals.     

Q235碳素钢超细铁素体在奥氏体内的形核

利用扫描电镜观察了Q235碳素钢形变强化相变过程中超细铁素体在奥氏体内部的形核;使用背散射电子衍射(EBSD)技术分析了析出的铁素体取向.结果表明,随内、外界条件不同,奥氏体内有两类典型的铁素体形核地点:形变带及奥氏体晶界附近的形变不均匀区原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸的增加,形变温度的降低有利于铁素体的形变带形核.在A₃-A_r3的超细铁素体最佳形成温度区间,靠近A₃形变可使铁素体及第2组织均匀分布.形变带形核造成带状分布的铁素体及第2相,不仅形貌上出现方向性,铁素体取向也出现择优.     

水热法制备粉煤灰钙基脱硫剂

文章研究了利用粉煤灰和Ca(OH)2为原料水热反应制备钙基脱硫剂。影响钙基脱硫剂钙剂利用率最主要的因素是水浴温度(TH),它的最佳值是90℃;温度上下浮动5℃,利用率将降低20%。其次还有水浴温度、粉煤灰与Ca(OH)2质量比(FC)、水固比(LS),这些因素的波动对利用率的影响相对较小。水浴时间(tH)达到8 h以上,FC在5～10的范围内变化,LS在8～18的范围内变化均能制备具有较高利用率的钙基脱硫剂。     

Experimental study on fly ash capture mercury in flue gas

Systematic experiments were conducted on a fixed-bed reactor to investigate the interaction between fly ash and mercury,the results implied that fly ash can capture mercury effectively.Among different fly ashes,the unburned carbon in the FA2 and FA3 fly ashes has the highest mercury capture capacity,up to 10.3 and 9.36 μg/g,respectively,which is close to that of commercial activated carbon.There is no obvious relationship between mercury content and carbon content or BET surface area of fly ash.Petrography ...     

稻壳灰显微结构及其中纳米SiO2的电镜观察

对低温稻壳灰纳米尺度的显微结构进行了SEM、TEM(SAD)研究,首次发现稻壳灰由纳米尺度的SiO2凝胶粒子(～50 nm)疏松地粘聚而成.稻壳灰结构中除了以往报道过的微米尺度的蜂窝孔(～10μm)外,还含有大量由SiO2凝胶粒子非紧密粘聚而形成的纳米尺度孔隙(＜50 nm).纳米尺度的SiO2粒子和纳米尺度的大量孔隙是稻壳灰具有巨大的比表面积(50～100m2/g)和超高火山灰活性的根本原因.     

电传到光传的发展趋势

未来先进战术飞机发展的需要表明,飞控系统结构必须在电磁抗干扰、通讯总线数据速度、推力／实用子系统综合及供给能力等方面具备较高的性能。受这些因素影响,集中式电传结构增强能力是有限的。光纤的高数据吞吐量和抗干扰能力,推动了其在飞控系统中的应用。     

硅基液晶投影系统的LED光源照明系统设计

硅基液晶(LCOS)空间光调制器件的特点是反射光成像,要求照明光束发散角小,均匀性好。对此,设计了由抛物型反光碗、复眼透镜、偏振分光棱镜、聚光镜等组成的用于LCOS的照明系统,对抛物反光碗以及复眼透镜各参数的设计原理做了详细分析,具体包括光源出射角度,光源的总体长度,所需均匀照亮的尺寸,抛物反光碗各参数对出射角度的影响,其实现原理主要包括复眼透镜匀光理论。设计要求光源出射角度小于10°,总体长度为220 mm,均匀照明面积为20 mm×20 mm,最后给出聚光透镜组的设计结果,使光线聚焦到LCOS表面,照度值要达到0.35 lx/m2,其不均匀度在15%以内。进一步使用Lighttools软件,对其进行仿真,由照度曲线图和照度栅格图可知,设计结果满足设计要求。