Vertical sections of cultivated anchorage-dependent cells for electron microscopy

A method is described for electron microscopic preparation of cultivated cells for vertical sections using the test chamber system TCSC-1. The cells are cultivated on a special foil. They can be fixed and embedded directly in the chamber. After polymerization of the resin, the foil can be easily taken off and a second resin layer is poured upon the embedded cells. Then distinct cells can be marked under an inverted light microscope. The bilayer of the resin allows optimal conditions for vertical sections of anchorage-dependent cells.     

Microscopy under pressure--an optical chamber system for fluorescence microscopic analysis of living cells under high hydrostatic pressure

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) becomes more and more interesting for life science research, since it can be employed to inactivate various cells. To directly monitor "cells under pressure," the development of an optical high-pressure chamber is required. Therefore, an optical pressure chamber that can be used for up to 300 MPa was constructed. This chamber has already been described as a tool for in situ observation of dynamic changes of microscopic structures in bright field as well as phase contrast. In combination with an inverted microscope, we obtained brilliant microscopic color pictures with an optical resolution more than 0.56 microm. Here, we demonstrate the capabilities of the HHP cell, in combination with epifluorescence microscopy. Using a nonadherent human B-cell line (Raji, ATCC CCL 86), stained with the fluorescent dyes propidium iodide, Hoechst 33342, or dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide, we were able to show that the system is suitable to perform fluorescence microscopic analyses, with pressures up to 300 MPa, with viable mammalian cells.     

新型超声旋转磨削装置的研制

在叙述超声旋转磨削的基本原理及其工艺特点的基础上,介绍了超声旋转磨削装置的设计.设计出的超声旋转磨削装置可通过装置底座安装在适合的机床上,配合一定的控制设备,即可对ZrO2、Al2O3等难加工材料进行超声旋转磨削加工.     

全方位超声波扫描器的设计

采用步进电机带动超声波传感器对障碍物进行扫描．并对障碍物距离进行测量，这便是本全方位超声波扫描器的基本原理。基于上述原理，本文论述了一种全方位超声波扫描器的设计．同时给出了系统的各模块的设计。     

多试件超声检测及缺陷识别技术

针对单面平整航空件单件超声检测效率低下问题,采用多试件扫查及多图像平均方法,以提高检测效率。基于多图像平均方法建立了灰度图和二值图像双模板图像。以工件重心为控制点,对二值图像通过变精度最大互相关图像配准算法获得图像配准的旋转角度θ。对灰度图像绕重心旋转角度θ进行配准,再经过减影处理获得缺陷图像,从而实现特征提取和缺陷识别。航空锻件多试件超声检测实验结果表明,该技术可以明显提高航空件超声检测的效率和自动化水平。     

计算机辅助产品方案设计方法研究

方案设计一直是传统CAD系统的薄弱环节。通过对产品方案设计过程的研究,建立了产品的功能结构树和功能关系模型,通过引入“虚拟组件”的概念,采用功能结构与或图实现了产品功能到结构的映射,并利用基于实例的推理（CBR）技术,建立了基于实例的功能－结构整体映射方法,以加快结构方案设计进程。这些方法为计算机辅助产品方案设计的实现进行了有益的尝试。     

轴向超声振动辅助磨削的磨削力建模

以单颗磨粒为对象,分析轴向超声振动下磨粒的运动特性。在此基础上,将磨削力分为切屑变形力和摩擦力两部分,分别分析了轴向超声振动对切屑变形力和摩擦力的影响。在切屑变形力方面,轴向超声振动改变了磨粒运动方向与主切削方向间的夹角;在摩擦力方面,轴向超声振动降低了磨粒与工件间的摩擦因数。基于此建立了轴向超声振动辅助磨削的磨削力模型。通过对21Ni Cr Mo5H进行了轴向超声振动辅助磨削的磨削力试验,确定了模型中的常数,并验证了所建模型的正确性。建立的磨削力模型是轴向超声振动辅助磨削的磨削力预测的一种有效方法,对轴向超声振动辅助磨削机理的认识具有较大意义。     

Development of in situ system to monitor the machining process using a piezo load cell

The measurement of cutting force is one of the most frequently used techniques for monitoring machining processes. Its widespread application ranges from tool condition identification, feedback control and cutting system design to process optimization.This paper suggests another system for measuring cutting force in milling processes. Generally, tool dynamometers are taken into account for the most appropriate cutting force measuring tool in the analysis of a cutting mechanism. However, high prices and limited working space make in situ systems difficult for a controllable milling process. Although an alternative suggestion is to use an AC current from a servomotor, it is unsuitable for cutting force monitoring because of a small upper frequency limit and noise.The suggested cutting force measuring system is composed of two piezo load cells placed between the moving table bracket and the nut flange of the ball screw. It has many advantages, such as lower cost and a wider measurement range than the tool dynamometer, over using the built-in feeding system and the low-cost piezo load cell for applying a conventional machining center.This paper focuses on the performance test of a newly developed measuring system. By comparing the cutting force between the tool dynamometer and the system developed from a series of end milling experiments, the accuracy of the cutting force measurement system was verified. Linearity, transverse sensitivity and the upper frequency limit of the system were verified by experiment.     

高能超声作用下金属基复合材料的制备

综述了高能超声复合法制备金属基复合材料的研究现状，包括高能超声复合法的原理、工艺、制备材料的种类及存在的问题，并展望其发展前景。     

直线型超声电机的发展及应用

概述了直线型超声电机的运动机理，综述了国内外直线型超声电机的发展及其研究现状，列举了一些典型例子，总结了直线型超声电机的应用领域。针对现在直线型超声电机在理论、实验、材料等方面存在的问题，指出了在其研究开发中需要解决的关键技术。