SAPMAC法蓝宝石单晶的生长、检测与超声震动加工

分析SAPMAC法生长大尺寸蓝宝石晶体的工艺技术,并对制备的晶体质量进行了检测与分析.研究结果表明:采用SAPMAC法生长的蓝宝石晶体结构完整,FHWM值很小,只有11arcsec;缺陷密度在102/cm2水平,纯度高于99.995%,常温下晶体在3～5μm波段红外透过率高于85%;用超声振动加工技术对大尺寸蓝宝石单晶进行加工,设计了专用金刚石磨削复合刀具,提高了加工效率.     

超声波钢包精炼冷态模拟

以某钢厂180t钢包为原型,进行超声波改善钢包熔池搅拌效果的冷态模拟实验。通过记录pH计示数变化研究底吹气体搅拌均混时间及超声波搅拌均混时间。实验结果表明,在底吹空气水模实验中,当吹气位置在距离中心为0．33R,流量为0．1m3／h时,底吹气体搅拌所需的均混时间最短为50s;超声波水模实验中,当波源伸入钢包的中心液面下25cm处,输出功率1．8kw,均混时间最短为35s;在超声波和底吹气体联合实验中。当吹气位置在距离中心为0．33R,流量为0．1m^3／h,波源伸入钢包的中心液面下25cm处,输出功率1．8kw时,均混时间最短为48s;可以看出超声波可明显缩短钢包均混时间,改善钢包精炼动力学条件。     

温差-超声波复合破壁法对花粉破壁率和黄酮得率的影响

采用温差破壁结合超声波辅助的复合花粉破壁法对花粉进行破壁,考察了不同的温差破壁因素对花粉破壁率和黄酮得率的影响,并以黄酮得率为指标进行正交试验L9（3^3）优化因素,得到温差破壁的最佳工艺条件为：温差100℃、料液比1：15、冷冻时间24h,此条件下花粉破壁率为61．61％,黄酮得率为3．166％．进一步用超声辅助对花粉进行破壁,使其破壁率达到85％～90％,黄酮得率提高到3．310％．同时,通过试验分析阐述了破壁率和黄酮得率两者的联系．     

声参数的高性能混凝土强度推定模型

为研究高性能混凝土的声波传播特性及实现其强度的快速、准确、无损检测,基于超声波检测方法,应用嫩江、多宝山附近的沙石料,对高性能混凝土对声波的扩散性及其抗压性能与声参量之间的模型关系进行了研究.建立了高性能混凝土抗压强度与声速之间的多种数学模型.通过实测检测数据进行验证,满足精度要求.高性能混凝土的非均质性降低,其抗压强度与声速相关性较好,用超声的方法完全可以实现强度的快速推定.同时,也为将来高性能混凝土地区强度推定曲线的建立奠定了研究基础.     

Cavitation characteristics of pit structure in ultrasonic field

Bubble collecting, bubble holding and micro-bubble ejecting characteristics of pit structure and the influence of cavitation bubble on the development of erosion pit are investigated by means of high-speed photography experiments. Pits tend to collect and hold wandering cavitation bubbles. The air holding phenomenon of pits can be a destination of the incubation period in the process of cavitation erosion. The holding bubble tends to eject micro-bubbles from the top of holding cavitation bubble, making the pit a source of nuclei. With bubbles being held in pits, the diameters of pits increase rapidly. But in the given experiment condition, there is a specific stable value beyond which the diameter of pits will not increase. This characteristic will be helpful in understanding and predicting the cavitation erosion process. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Program) (Grant No. 2007CB714105) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50539060)     

超声波合成羧甲基壳聚糖及表征

采用超声波辐射,以壳聚糖为原料、乙醇为分散介质、一氯乙酸为羧甲基化试剂合成了羧甲基壳聚糖,通过四因素三水平正交实验得出最优合成条件为：mNaOH/m壳聚糖为1．5;mclCH2COOH/m壳聚糖为1．5;反应时间2h;反应温度60℃;采用红外光谱仪、紫外-可见分光光度计、热重／差热分析仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜对产物结构进行了表征．     

声电联合法在35kV开关柜局部放电检测中的应用

介绍了基于超声波和高频电流相结合的局部放电检测方法的基本原理、检测和判定依据。将该方法应用到某高压配电室35kV开关柜的局部放电检修中,应用结果表明,该方法可准确判断开关柜的放电位置、放电相位、放电类型、放电强度等,并能对其趋势进行分析,为开关柜状态检修在线监测提供了有力的技术保障。     

煤矿用超声波式风速风向传感器设计

为了监测煤矿瓦斯突出事故导致的瓦斯逆流情况,应用超声波时差法原理设计了煤矿用超声波式风速风向传感器。该传感器利用超声波发射、接收的时差与风速、风向的关系,经过运算得到被测风向和风速。测试结果表明,该传感器稳定性强,测量精度高,风速测量范围为0.4~15m/s,误差不超过0.3m/s,风向测量范围为0~360°,误差不超过3°。     

基于超声波原理的开孔参数标定系统研究

针对传统的人工丈量方法标定开孔方位角和倾斜角存在操作程序繁琐、稳钻时间长、精度低等问题,设计了基于超声波原理的钻孔开孔参数标定系统。该系统采用超声波渡越时间检测法测量参考点之间的距离,并由单片机解算出钻杆的方位角,选用微机械三轴加速度计测量倾斜角,实现了全自动化的实时跟踪测量及智能化的钻机姿态调整语音指导操作;在误差允许范围内,可快速标定所需开孔参数。该系统提高了开孔参数标定精度、标定效率及煤矿管理水平,降低了矿工劳动强度和煤矿管理成本。     

Physical properties of electron beam irradiated poly(vinyl butyral) composites with carbamate,imidazole, and tetrazolium dye

Films of poly(vinyl butyral) composites with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride dye (TTC) and the antioxidant nickel dibutyl dithiocarbamate (NBC) or 2‐mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) were prepared by the solution casting method using butyl alcohol as a solvent. The effect of various doses of electron beam irradiation (50–200 kGy) on color response, thermal, and mechanical properties were investigated. The color measurements showed that the films of the different composites possessed a high sensitivity to electron beam irradiation, in which the nearly colorless films were changed to deep red color, which can be easily detected by visual observations. In addition, the change in color depends on irradiation dose and the contents of the TTC dye. Moreover, the presence of the antioxidants NBC or MBI has no effect on the development of color. However, PVB/TTC and PVB/TTC/MBI composites showed high regular change in color as a function of irradiation dose. The thermogravimetric analysis used to study the thermal stability indicated that PVB/TTC composites either before or after electron beam irradiation are thermally more stable than neat PVB polymer. The presence of the antioxidants NBC or MBI offered protection to PVB/TTC composites against decomposition or oxidative degradation resulted from irradiation. Blending unirradiated PVB with TTC dye, mixture of TTC and NBC, and mixture of TTC and MBI reduced the tensile strength by 4, 20, and 17% upon blending, respectively. However, the reduction in tensile strength of the entire composite films (～7% based on the initial value) upon exposure to a dose of 50 kGy is acceptable for practical applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 4358–4365, 2006