基于PHREEQC模拟分析Na2S2O4对退役铀矿山采区地下水生态的修复

酸法原位地浸采铀作为回收铀资源首选工艺,不可避免会存在部分铀进入地下水污染生态环境,而采用还原剂Na2S2O4将游离的铀还原固定可高效解决此类问题。为此,针对某酸法地浸采铀退役铀矿山地下水铀污染,采用PHREEQC模拟分析Na2S2O4还原固定地下水中可溶性铀的机制,讨论NaHCO3在Na2S2O4还原固定可溶性铀的影响。模拟结果表明：1）该区域地下水中铀以U(Ⅵ)为主,其中UO2SO4、UO22+和UO2(SO4)22-为优势物种,分别占63.60%、32.35%和3.89%;2）Na2S2O4还原固定可溶性铀时,会降低地下水Eh值和Fe(Ⅲ)浓度,增强地下水还原性,促进沥青铀矿和黄铁矿沉淀,但会造成地下水酸化和高SO32-浓度;3）NaHCO3+Na2S2O4在还原固定可溶性铀时,减轻了地下水酸化,增强了对U(Ⅵ)和SO32-的去除,对Na2S2O4还原固定可溶性铀的影响较小,在Na2S2O4和NaHCO3浓度比为1︰1至1︰1.5时修复效果最佳。     

放射性铌铁精矿中铀钍脱除及分离

通过对国内某企业进口放射性铌铁精矿进行工艺矿物学分析,确定该精矿的主要矿相为烧绿石,同时伴生钛铁矿和白云母,矿石中放射性元素U和Th的含量分别为0.27%和1.03%。针对该铌铁精矿,探索H2SO4-Fe(Ⅲ)、H2SO4-HF-H2O2、H2SO4-HF、H2SO4-HF-H2O2-(NH4)2CO3体系中U和Th的浸出及分离效果,最终确定H2SO4-HF-H2O2-(NH4)2CO3多段浸出工艺能有效实现U和Th的脱除与分离。U、Th的脱除率分别为100%和80%。基于研究提出了铌铁精矿U、Th脱除及分离工艺流程。     

金属铀表面氧化动力学的X射线衍射研究

利用X射线衍射和Rietveld方法研究室温～150℃和300℃下金属铀表面氧化，对氧化过程中试样的表面结构以及氧化动力学进行分析。将试样表面氧化物随时间的变化作定量计算，绘制出不同温度下金属铀表面的氧化动力学曲线，对50～150℃范围内的氧化动力学数据进行拟合，获得不同温度下的氧化反应速率常数，由此得到大气环境下金属铀表面形成UO₂的活化能为46.0kJ/mol。在300℃下，氧化产物U₃O₈逐渐在UO₂上形成，其形成过程符合成核生长机理。     

低浓缩铀靶辐照后裂变核素产量的理论研究

用低浓缩铀靶代替高浓缩铀靶辐照进行⁹⁹Mo、¹³¹I等医用放射性核素生产是一个必然的趋势。本文利用输运计算程序DRAGON研究了靶件²³⁵U富集度、中子注量率、辐照时间对⁹⁹Mo、¹³¹I、⁹⁰Sr、⁹⁵Zr、²³⁹Pu等核素比活度变化的影响,以及不同²³⁵U富集度下裂变体系组成和总比活度的变化规律。计算结果表明,本文考察的10余种核素比活度的变化随辐照时间的不同而有所不同,其中⁹⁹Mo、¹³¹I、¹⁴⁷Nd和¹³³Xe等核素的比活度可快速达到饱和,⁸⁹Sr、¹⁰³Ru、⁹⁵Zr和¹⁴¹Ce等缓慢达到饱和,而⁹⁹Tc、⁸⁵Kr和⁹⁰Sr、²³⁹Pu在计算时间内达不到饱和,但所有核素的比活度随时间的变化趋势与靶件²³⁵U富集度无关;⁹⁹Mo、¹³¹I、⁹⁰Sr、⁹⁵Zr等核素的比活度均随靶件²³⁵U富集度提高而增加,而²³⁹Pu比活度则随着靶件富集度的减少而显著增加,提示改用低浓缩铀靶进行⁹⁹Mo、¹³¹I等医用放射性核素生产时应特别关注²³⁹Pu带来的影响;核素比活度随中子注量率的增加而线性增加,且斜率基本相同;靶件辐照时间的改变不会明显影响裂变体系的组成,在低浓缩铀（²³⁵U含量≤20%）区域,靶件²³⁵U富集度对裂变体系的组成影响很小。     

Uranium (IV)-(VI) Electron Exchange Reactions in Anion Exchange Resin,Tri-n-Octyl Amine and Tri-Butyl Phosphate

A study has been made of the U(IV)-U(VI) electron exchange reactions taking place between natural U(IV) and depleted U(VI) in anion exchange resin, as well as in TnOA/benzene and TBP/benzene systems.

The exchange rate in the anion exchange resin was smaller than the corresponding rates in 8–10 M HCl, which might be explained by considering that the diffusion of the exchangeable species is much slower in the anion exchange resin than in 8–10 M HCl.

The exchange rates in TnOA/benzene and in TBP/benzene were accelerated by decreasing the concentration of TnOA or TBP in benzene. The reason may be that TnOA and TBP, including the exchangeable species, is more easily diffused in dilute than in concentrated solution.

Based on activation energy values, the mechanism of exchange in the anion exchange resin was estimated to be similar to that in 8–10 M HCl solution, and the corresponding mechanism for TBP/benzene similar to that for the cation exchange resin. In the case of TnOA/benzene, the exchange process was presumed to resemble that of the anion exchange resin, judging from the similarity of ionic species extracted thereinto.     

粤北竹筒尖铀矿床外围综合找矿方法应用及成矿预测

竹筒尖铀矿床位于下庄矿田西北部,矿床外围黄竹地段铀成矿条件较好,区内F1、F2、F4断裂与竹筒尖矿床F3号组带具有相似的构造特征,铀矿化较好;“地面伽玛能谱测量+土壤氡浓度测量+分量化探”综合找矿方法应用取得较好效果,可见区内能谱铀、土壤氡浓度及分量铀的异常面积大且复合程度高;合水口靶区具有较好找矿线索。     

改性CoFe_2O_4对溶液中U（Ⅵ）的吸附性能研究

以水热合成法制备CoFe_2O_4材料,考察溶液pH、固液比、时间、温度、初始U(Ⅵ)浓度等对CoFe_2O_4吸附溶液中U(Ⅵ)的影响。用扫描电镜(SEM)对材料进行表征,分析其去除U(Ⅵ)的机理。结果表明,CoFe_2O_4对U(Ⅵ)有很好的去除效果,在pH为5.5、固液比0.3g/L、反应时间120min、U(Ⅵ)溶液浓度30mg/L条件下,U(Ⅵ)最大吸附容量为73.9mg/g。     

Isolation of Leptospirillum ferriphilum by single-layered solid medium

According to physiological and biochemical characteristics of Leptospirillum ferriphilum,a strain of object bacteria was isolated successfully.Bacteria were enriched by selective liquid medium and plated on designed single-layered agar solid medium.Colony was cultured and bacteria were collected.The morphologies of the object bacteria were observed using crystal violet staining,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The result of 16S rDNA identification shows that this bacterium belongs to Leptospirillum ferriphilum and it is named as Leptospirillum ferriphilum strain D1.These results indicate that this new single-layered agar solid medium is efficient and simple for isolation of Leptospirillum ferriphilum.Additionally,physiological-biochemical characteristics show that the optimum initial pH value and its growth temperature are 1.68 and 40 ℃,respectively.The culture of it is used to leach a complex concentrate chalcopyrite,the leaching efficiencies of copper and iron are 1.93 % and 13.74 %,respectively,and it is more effective than the A.ferrooxidans culture in the leaching of the complex concentrate chalcopyrite.     

Comparison of Group Constants Using Single-and Multi-Level Formulas for the Resolved Resonance Region of Uranium-235 and Uranium-233

Using the single-level and the Adler-Adler multi-level resonance formulas for ²³⁵U, whose parameters were derived by fitting to common experimental data, group constants were obtained for the energy region from 59.8 to 0.215 eV, having the same group structure as the 70 group JAERI-FAST set.

It was found that use of the multi-level formula is preferable to the single-level alternative, the former being able to reproduce the experimental data more accurately than the latter. The resulting difference in the values of the group constants amounted to about 40% for some groups.

The group constants of ²³³U, determined by means of multi-level formula are also presented for the energy region from 36.0 to 0.215 eV.     

磁控溅射制备金属铀膜

研究了通过磁控溅射方法制备高纯金属铀膜的可行性。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、俄歇电子能谱（AES）、扫描电镜（SEM）、表面轮廓仪分析了沉积在单晶硅或金基材上铀薄膜的微观结构、成分、界面结构及厚度、表面形貌和表面粗糙度。分析结果表明：磁控溅射制备的铀薄膜为纯金属态,氧含量和其它杂质含量均低于俄歇电子能谱仪的探测下限;溅射沉积的铀镀层与铝镀层之间存在界面作用,两者相互扩散并形成合金相,扩散层厚度约为10nm。铀薄膜厚度可达微米级,表面光洁,均方根（RMS）粗糙度优于15nm。