基于UML的系统分析与设计框架

UML是一种标准的建模语言,但它并没有定义一个标准的开发过程.根据多年的教学科研和开发实践,提出一个基于UML的面向对象分析与设计框架,以用例为核心,描述软件系统的功能需求,静态结构,动态行为和物理结构4个方面.该框架展示了UML建模在系统开发中的应用,深入地研究建模过程中所用的模型图及其之间的关系,解决了开发过程中的模型平稳过渡问题,时面向对象分析与设计具有很强的指导性.     

The influence of dispositions and Internet motivation on online communication satisfaction and relationship closeness

Guided by the Uses and Gratifications (U&G) perspective, this study examined the influence of unwillingness to communicate, loneliness, Internet-use motives, and Internet (CMC) use and interaction (amount and types of use and self-disclosure) in online communication satisfaction and online relationship closeness. There were 261 participants in this study. Overall, participants who perceived their face-to-face communication to be rewarding, used CMC for self-fulfillment, and disclosed their personal feelings to others tended to feel close to their online partners. Moreover, those who used the Internet for purposes of self-fulfillment and affection and intended to disclose their feelings to others felt satisfied with their online communication. The associations among the constructs extend our knowledge of the U&G theoretical model, how and why people communicate interpersonally in CMC settings, and the influence of individual differences on CMC for relational communication.     

Multi-angle remote sensing of forest light use efficiency by observing PRI variation with canopy shadow fraction

We show that observed co-variations at sub-hourly time scales between the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and canopy light use efficiency (LUE) over a Douglas-fir forest result directly from sub-hourly leaf reflectance changes in a 531 nm spectral window roughly 50 nm wide. We conclude then, that over a forest stand we are observing the direct effects of photosynthetic down-regulation on leaf-level reflectance at 531 nm. Key to our conclusion is our ability to simultaneously measure the LUE and reflectance of the Douglas-fir stand as a function of shadow fraction from the “hot spot” to the "dark spot"dark spot” and a new finding herein, based on radiative transfer theory, that the magnitude of a normalized reflectance difference index (NDRI) such as PRI can vary with shadow fraction only in case the reflectance of the shaded and sunlit leaves differ in at least one of the NDRI bands.Our spectrometer measurements over a nearly 6 month period show that at a forest stand scale, only two NDRIs (both containing a band near 570 nm) vary with shadow fraction and are correlated with LUE; an NDRI with a band centered at 531 nm roughly 50 nm wide, and another near 705 nm. Therefore, we are able to conclude that only these two bands' reflectance differ between the sunlit and the shaded elements of the canopy. Their reflectance changes on time scales of a few minutes or less. Our observations also show that the reflectance changes at 531 nm are more highly correlated with variations in canopy light use efficiency when only sunlit canopy elements are viewed (the hot spot), than when only shaded elements (the dark spot) are viewed. Taken together then, these results demonstrate that the observed sub-hourly changes in foliage reflectance at 531 nm and 705 nm can only result from corresponding variations in photosynthetic rates.The importance of our results are as follows: (1) We show that variations in PRI with LUE are a direct result of rapid changes in foliage reflectance at 531 nm resulting from photosynthetic down-regulation, and can be observed at forest scales. (2) Our findings also suggest a new sensor and methodology for the direct retrieval from space of changes in forest LUE by measuring PRI as a function of shadow fraction using a multi-angle spectrometer simultaneously retrieving both shadow fraction and PRI.     

基于遗传投影寻踪模型的延安市水资源利用效率分析

水资源是制约延安市社会经济发展的主要瓶颈,提高水资源利用效率对缓解该区域水资源短缺问题十分重要。本文选取万元工业产值用水量等7个指标,构建了水资源利用效率评价体系,建立遗传算法的投影寻踪模型,对用水效率进行分析评价。结果表明:延安市整体水资源利用效率较高,万元工业产值的用水水平为水资源利用效率的主要影响因素,并且根据最佳投影向量各指标提出了改善延安市水资源利用效率的措施。     

水务企业设备生命周期管理系统的实现

以齐鲁供排水厂设备生命周期的设计路线、内容为切入点,主要介绍水务企业设备生命周期管理系统在齐鲁供排水厂的实现。首先介绍该系统在企业应用的意义和目的,然后对此系统的架构设计、模块应用进行介绍,并对其运行效果进行了分析。     

2000—2014年云南省陆地生态系统水分利用效率的时空变化

基于MODIS卫星遥感数据,计算了云南省2000—2014年陆地生态系统水分利用效率(WUE),结合国家气象站点的观测数据,采用趋势分析、EOF分析和相关性分析等方法,获取了云南省陆地生态系统WUE时空变化规律和主要驱动因子。结果表明:云南省陆地生态系统WUE空间分布差异明显,呈现南北低、中间高的格局,WUE在大部分地区呈现了明显的季节变化,而在低值区变化不显著;WUE年际变化趋势存在明显的南北差异,北方主要呈增加的趋势,南方主要呈减少的趋势,蒸散发是其变化的主导因素;WUE空间模态呈现南北反向分布模式,北方增加,南方减少,反之亦然;WUE驱动因子自北向南依次为相对湿度、最高温度和日照时数,相关关系呈现南北差异。     

变化环境下嫩江富拉尔基站径流响应

以嫩江富拉尔基断面以上流域为研究区,分别采用统计方法和模型方法,评价土地利用变化和尼尔基水库运行对径流变化的影响,并分析两者综合影响下径流的变化趋势。结果表明:尼尔基建库前后流域土地利用变化不明显,而下游径流变化明显,水库对径流变化的影响更大;SWAT模型适用于研究区径流模拟,水库运行、土地利用变化对径流变化的影响分别占92.86%和7.14%;相同降水和水库运行条件下,1990—2020年土地利用变化具有使年径流量先减少后增加的效应,水库运行对径流的年内分配有显著影响。     

太湖流域西部地区面源污染特征及其控制技术

针对太湖流域西部地区源污染的主要来源,依据由单元田间试验和小流域出口营养盐输出监测值与流域土地利用结构关系推算获得输出系数,计算了种植业典型土地利用类型的COD、TN、NH3-N和TP的排放量,结合其他种类面源排放量,指出太湖流域西部地区农业面源污染呈现出农村生活污水和种植业污染为主的排放特征。提出了面源污染适宜推广的处理模式,梳理不同种类面源污染处理存在的主要问题并相应提出面源污染控制建议,为太湖流域面源控制提供参考。     

医嘱审核对糖尿病合并尿路感染患者抗菌药物合理使用的影响

目的: 探讨临床药师通过医嘱审核对糖尿病合并尿路感染患者抗菌药物合理使用的影响。方法: 收集2012年6月至2014年5月内分泌科收治的139例糖尿病合并尿路感染患者病例,按临床药师实施医嘱审核前后分为对照组和试验组。对比分析两组的病原菌分布、耐药率及抗菌药物使用的合理性情况。结果: 尿培养检出的病原菌以大肠埃希菌和肠球菌属较常见。氨苄西林和左氧氟沙星耐药率较高。试验组革兰阴性菌对氨苄西林舒巴坦的耐药率较对照组显著升高(P<0.05),革兰阳性菌对阿奇霉素的耐药率较对照组显著降低(P<0.01)。试验组抗菌药物使用合理的病例数较对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。未予尿培养、未根据药敏结果调整抗菌药物、疗程不足以及无指征联合用药的病例数显著降低(P<0.05)。结论: 临床药师通过医嘱审核促进了糖尿病合并尿路感染患者抗菌药物的合理使用。     

对聚酯类热熔胶的再认识──从服用性能作综合分析

用数值对各类热熔胶粘剂进行综合分析,认为服装用聚酯热熔胶应优先选用。