垂直管内弹状气泡上升中壁面传递的实验研究

垂直管内弹状流壁面传递是诸多工业应用中需研究的重要问题之一。今用极限扩散电流技术,对弹状气泡上升时瞬时壁面剪应力和传质系数进行了测定,结果显示:当基于表观气速的Froude数FrG < 0.74时,壁面剪应力随弹状气泡和液塞的到来呈现方向相反的交替变化,壁面传质系数亦相应变化;而当FrG > 0.74时,剪应力方向一直向下,说明液膜向下流动,且弹状气泡和液塞的到来对壁面传质系数的影响很小。这说明下落液膜射流穿透了液塞段,控制了整个壁面传递过程。研究还对下落液膜区、尾迹区及液塞段的不同传递特征及机理进行了分析, 并结合气泡塔熔融结晶器中弹状气泡上升时的传热,对结晶操作条件的合理选择进行了讨论。     

氧化钕填充尼龙6的结晶行为

利用示差扫描量热仪（ＤＳＣ）研究了氧化钕（Ｎｄ２Ｏ３）对尼龙６（ＰＡ６）等温结晶行为的影响。结果表明，Ｎｄ２Ｏ３在ＰＡ６体系中起到了异相成核作用，提高了ＰＡ６的晶体增长速率。     

Miscibility of oligomeric poly(dimethyl siloxanes) with long-chain unbranched alkanes: 2. Unsymmetrical cloud point curves

Previously obtained cloud point curves for mixtures of oligomeric poly(dimethyl siloxanes) (weight fraction W₁) with oligomeric polyethylenes have been supplemented by the use of samples of higher molecular weight. Initial flat regions at low-medium W₁ as well as a slight shoulder at extremely high W₁ are now considered to be due to crystallization, since the temperatures at which they occur are the melting points of the oligoethylenes. The actual cloud point curves were of an unsymmetrical dome shape, the form of which could not be simulated by using a concentration-independent interaction parameter g in the Flory-Huggins equation. However, spinodals calculated by assuming a quadratic dependence of g on composition were of the same shape as the experimental cloud point curves. The critical compositions calculated on this basis were also close to the experimental ones.     

低位真空冷却装置在磷酸系统中的应用

葛丰化工厂磷酸萃取槽反应热不能有效移出,限制了生产能力的提高,通过采用低位真空冷却装置移走反应热,并同时改造水循环系统。改造后,投矿浆量达16t/h〔矿浆w(H2O)35%〕,生产能力从技改前2.67tP2O5/h提高到4.56tP2O5/h,萃取温度稳定控制在83～85℃。由于结晶状况改善,萃取率、洗涤率分别提高达96.33%、99.04%,能耗从181.3kW·h/tP2O5降低到149.8kW·h/tP2O5,含氟废气排放量从30000m3/h减少到小于6000m3/h。     

Crystallization of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) by exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets

Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) has been shown to be efficiently nucleated by exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP). The nucleating effect of xGnP was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Nonisothermal crystallization of PHB from the melt required lower activation energies for PHB containing 1 wt % and 3 wt % xGnP (?214 and ?102 kJ/mol respectively) than for pure PHB (?60 kJ/mol). A kinetic study of the PHB/xGnP crystallization employing a modified form of the Avrami equation revealed that the presence of xGnP increased the PHB crystallization temperature, as well as the crystallization rates, and generated smaller and more numerous spherulites. Optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy confirmed the incorporation of xGnP into the lamellar structure of the PHB spherulites and provided insight into the influence of xGnP on spherulite size and lamellae thickness. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

中微孔复合分子筛的合成研究开发进展

综述了复全分子筛合成的研究进展，介绍了原位合成法，离子交换法和纳米组装法。分析比较了各种合成方法的特点，讨论了方法的适用范围，指出复合分子筛的合成中存在的一些问题，认为合成具有大－中－小孔梯度分布的复合物和用硅铝纳米簇进行自组装合成中孔材料将是今后发展的主流。     

Milk fat fractionation today: A review

Although anhydrous milk fat (AMF) has excellent properties, its variable physicochemical properties and its lack of functionality restrict its uses in the food industry. A technology involving dry fractionation of AMF has been developed, and its attributes include selectivity, reliability and general application. Combining two simple and reliable technologies,i.e., multi-step fractionation and blending, it is possible to overcome functionality problems and the seasonal variations of AMF. Lecture presented at the joint meeting of the International Society for Fat Research and the American Oil Chemists’ Society in Toronto, May 10, 1992.     

Morphology,thermal, and mechanical properties of polyamide 66/clay nanocomposites with epoxy‐modified organoclay

A new kind of organophilic clay, cotreated by methyl tallow bis‐2‐hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium and epoxy resin into sodium montmorillonite (to form a strong interaction with polyamide 66 matrix), was prepared and used in preparing PA66/clay nanocomposites (PA66CN) via melt‐compounding method. Three different types of organic clays, CL30B–E00, CL30B–E12, and CL30B–E23, were used to study the effect of epoxy resin in PA66CN. The morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties have been studied using X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), mechanical, and thermal analysis, respectively. TEM analysis of the nanocomposites shows that most of the silicate layers were exfoliated to individual layers and to some thin stacks containing a few layers. PA66CX–E00 and PA66CX–E12 had nearly exfoliated structures in agreement with the SAXS results, while PA66CX–E23 shows a coexistence of intercalated and exfoliated structures. The storage modulus of PA66 nanocomposites was higher than that of the neat PA66 in the whole range of tested temperature. On the other hand, the magnitude of the loss tangent peak in α‐ or β‐transition region decreased gradually with the increase in the clay loading. Multiple melting behavior in PA66 was also observed. Thermal stability more or less decreased with an increasing inorganic content. Young's modulus and tensile strength were enhanced by introducing organoclay. Among the three types of nanocomposites prepared, PA66CX–E12 showed the highest improvement in properties, while PA66CX–E23 showed properties inferior to that of PA66CX–E00 without epoxy resin. In conclusion, an optimum amount of epoxy resin is required to form the strong interaction with the amide group of PA66. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1711–1722, 2006     

Crystallization behavior of dry‐brush PEO‐PS block copolymer and PEO homopolymer blend

The crystallization behavior of semicrystalline PEO homopolymer/triblock PS‐PEO‐PS copolymer blend system, which exhibited “Dry‐Brush” in the melt. A symmetric polystyrene–poly(ethylene oxide)–polystyrene triblock copolymer was blended with PEO homopolymer (h‐PEO) having the same molecular weight as that of the PEO block in the copolymer. Considering the composition of the blend (W_ps ≥ 0.8), PEO spheres were formed in the blend. Because of the dry‐brush phase behavior of this blend, h‐PEO added was localized in the PEO microdomains, which increases the domain size without changing the microdomain morphology. The crystallization of PEO block was confined within the microdomains and the crystallization temperature was about 60°C lower than normal. Self‐seeding tests were performed to clarify the nucleation mechanism of the blend. Because the droplets size varies greatly, multicrystallization peaks were witnessed in the self‐seeding process. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymers prepared by a salicylaldimine‐aluminum complex

A series of poly(?‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL‐b‐PEG) block copolymers with different molecular weights were synthesized with a salicylaldimine‐aluminum complex in the presence of monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol). The block copolymers were characterized by ¹H NMR, GPC, WAXD, and DSC. The ¹H NMR and GPC results verify the block structure and narrow molecular weight distribution of the block copolymers. WAXD and DSC results show that crystallization behavior of the block copolymers varies with the composition. When the PCL block is extremely short, only the PEG block is crystallizable. With further increase in the length of the PCL block, both blocks can crystallize. The PCL crystallizes prior to the PEG block and has a stronger suppression effect on crystallization of the PEG block, while the PEG block only exerts a relatively weak adverse effect on crystallization of the PCL block. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007