纳米晶镁铝尖晶石透明微晶玻璃的晶化行为研究

利用DTA、XRD和TEM研究了制备工艺对微晶玻璃晶化行为的影响，并制备出具有纳米镁铝尖晶石为晶相的微晶玻璃。     

Fabrication of Nano-TiO2 Coating for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell by Vacuum Cold Spraying at Room Temperature

Deposition of nanocrystalline TiO₂ coating at low temperature is becoming more attractive due to the possibility for continuous roll production of the coating for assembly lines of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) at a low cost. In this study, porous nano-TiO₂ coating was deposited by vacuum cold spraying (VCS) at room temperature on a conducting glass substrate using commercial P25 nanocrystalline TiO₂ powder. The microstructure of TiO₂ coating was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and nitrogen adsorption test. A commercial dye (N719) was adsorbed on the surface of TiO₂ particles within the coating to assemble a DSC. The cell performance was evaluated by employing simulated solar light at an intensity of 100 mW/cm². The results showed that TiO₂ coating was deposited by the agglomerates of nano-TiO₂ powders. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) test of the as-sprayed TiO₂ coating yielded a porosity of 49% and an average pore size of 17 nm. The assembled solar cell yielded a short-circuit current density of 7.3 mA/cm² and an energy conversion efficiency of 2.4%. The test results indicate that VCS was a promising method to deposit nanocrystalline TiO₂ coatings at low temperature applied to DSCs. This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Global Coating Solutions, Proceedings of the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2007, Basil R. Marple, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2007.     

TiC及Ti2C在铝结晶过程中的核心作用

将工业纯铝（９９．７％）用亚包晶成分的Ｔｉ（＜０．１５％）实行变质处理，采用电子衍射等方法研究其结晶核心，证明α－Ａｌ核心除ＴｉＣ粒子外，还存在Ｔｉ_２Ｃ。ＴｉＣ为立方晶格，ａ＝０．４３８０ｎｍ；Ｔｉ_２Ｃ为正交晶格，ａ＝１．２０ｎｍ，ｂ＝１．０６ｎｍ，ｃ＝１．５０ｎｍ     

Cu48Zr4l7块体非晶合金的晶化行为及热力学性能研究

采用水冷铜模吸铸工艺制备出了片状Cu48Zr45Al7,块体非晶合金.X射线衍射(XRD)表明,样品为完全非晶.利用差示扫描量热分析仪(DSC)在不同的升温速率下连续加热测得该片状非晶合金的热稳定性参数值,均随着升温速率的增加而增加,表明其玻璃转变和晶化行为均存在显著的动力学效应.运用Kissinger法计算出其玻璃转变温度激活能(Eg)、晶化温度激活能(Ex)和峰值温度激活能(Ep)分别为424.7 kJ·mol-1,326.3 kJ·mol-1和297.1kJ·mol-1.从热力学模型角度出发,对该合金的非晶形成能力进行了分析,计算出其混合焓ΔHchem=-25.55 kJ.mol-1和归一化错配熵So/kB=0.78.结果表明,该块体非晶合金具有较强的非晶形成能力(AFA)NI良好的热稳定性.     

Importance of Low-Temperature Melt-Mixing on the Construction of Stereocomplex Crystallites with Superior Nucleation Efficiency in Asymmetric Poly(l-lactide)/Poly(d-lactide) Blends

The nucleation efficiency (NE) of stereocomplex crystallites (SCs) formed in asymmetric poly(L-lactide)/poly(D-lactide) (PLLA/PDLA) blends is generally unsatisfactory because the competition between stereocomplexation and chain mixing involved in the melt-mixing process can cause low formation efficiency and even severe aggregation of SCs. Herein, it is attempted to achieve high-efficient formation of finely dispersed SCs particles by designing a unique melt-mixing procedure, where the mixing of PLLA with 0.75 wt% PDLA is first performed at elevated temperatures (far above the melting temperature of SCs) to allow the homogeneous mixing of PLLA/PDLA chains and then at a low temperature (slightly above that of homocrystallites) to permit the full stereocomplexation of the premixed chains. It is found that the SCs formed in the blends exhibit unexpectedly low NEs (e.g., 54.5%), much inferior to that (73.6%) in the counterpart without undergoing premixing. This is because the introduction of premixing leads to a remarkable deterioration in the amount of SCs particles formed, despite decreased particle size, highlighting that the direct mixing at low temperatures of 170–180 °C (about 20–30 °C lower than that used in common melt-processing of PLA) is more effective for the construction of SCs with superior NE. The mechanisms for these striking findings are discussed.     

我国压力铸造技术的现状与发展

概述了压力铸造技术的特点,总结了目前中国压铸技术与国外的差距,分析了我国压铸业面临的机遇和挑战,论述了压力铸造技术的新工艺以及今后压力铸造的研发方向.     

RH精炼真空度对超低碳钢夹杂物去除的影响

 大尺寸非金属夹杂物是引起超低碳钢冷轧钢板表面线状缺陷的重要原因。以IF钢为例,铸坯中大尺寸夹杂物主要有3类,即结晶器保护渣卷入后被凝固坯壳捕获;连铸过程中钢水二次氧化产生且未上浮去除的;钢液中未充分去除的夹杂物在浸入式水口处粘连、堵塞,后续堵塞物脱落被凝固坯壳捕获。钢液一次脱氧生成的夹杂物中,不低于100 μm的夹杂物在RH处理过程中较容易去除,100 μm以下的夹杂物受钢液的流动影响较大,特别是不超过20 μm的夹杂物由于其上浮时间长、钢液流动的跟随性好,去除难度较大。RH是超低碳钢最重要的精炼设备,也是夹杂物去除的关键环节,研究RH去除20 μm夹杂物的新技术具有重要的意义。研究了RH脱碳结束加铝后真空度对夹杂物去除的影响,创新性提出了低真空度去除不超过20 μm夹杂物的新技术。研究结果表明,与高真空度处理工艺(常规工艺)相比,低真空度(压力5 kPa)处理的钢液中夹杂物数量降低更显著,中间包钢液总氧质量分数平均降低0.000 2%,钢液增氮水平相当。冷轧钢板因炼钢原因导致的线状缺陷降级率比常规工艺降低了29%。夹杂物在钢液中的跟随性理论分析表明,低真空度处理工艺下RH内钢液循环流量和钢液流速减小,降低了RH处理过程中夹杂物随钢液的跟随性,提高了不超过20 μm夹杂物的去除效率,有效改善了水口堵塞程度、提高了轧板表面质量。     

化学沉积Ni-Zn-P合金制备和腐蚀性能研究

采用柠檬酸钠为络合剂 ,在氨性缓冲介质中化学镀Ni Zn P合金 .考察了工艺参数 (pH、ZnSO4·7H2 O浓度和温度 )对沉积速度和镀层组成的影响 .发现Zn离子在沉积过程中起阻碍作用 ,致使镀层中Zn含量不高 (最多含16 .0mass% ) .采用差示扫描量热 (DSC)和X射线衍射 (XRD)技术研究所得化学镀Ni Zn P合金 (Ni=78.7mass % ,Zn =11.7mass % )的晶化行为和结构 .结果表明 ,镀态Ni Zn P合金主要由非晶相和少量立方镍两相构成 .热处理至 384 .8℃时出现四方Ni3 P相 ,至 5 80 .7℃时出现Ni5Zn2 1相 .镀态及热处理后的Ni Zn P合金 (Ni=78.7mass% ,Zn =11.7mass% .)在 3.5 %NaCl中 (pH =7.0 )的腐蚀失重及阳极极化测量 .结果表明 ,该合金的耐腐蚀性能优良 ,特别是镀态Ni Zn P合金 .