低粘度高固含量醋酸乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚乳液胶粘剂的研制

介绍了一种低粘度、高固体含量的醋酸乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-丙烯酸异辛酯共聚乳液胶粘剂的合成工艺及性能。该乳液粘度低于2500mPa.s,固体含量≥52%,较低的玻璃化温度和良好的耐水性能,应用于卷烟和防水涂料的生产。     

Effect of ultrasound on wettability between aramid fibers and epoxy resin

Good wetting of reinforced fiber by resin was a main factor in the improvement of the interface adhesion of their composites. Ultrasound with a frequency of 20 kHz was used to improve the wettability between aramid fibers and epoxy resin during the winding process of the composites. The effects of ultrasound on the viscosity and surface tension of epoxy resin and on the surface characteristics of aramid fibers were investigated. The wettability of aramid fibers and treated epoxy resin under different conditions and of aramid fibers and epoxy resin under ultrasonic online treatment were compared. The results indicated that the main action of ultrasound was to force epoxy resin to impregnate aramid fibers, in addition to the influence of ultrasound on the properties of epoxy resin and aramid fibers. The results of microdebond testing showed that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of aramid/epoxy composites could be 26% higher than that of untreated composites because of the improved wettability between aramid fibers and epoxy resin subjected to ultrasonic online treatment. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006     

Kinematic viscosity of biodiesel components (fatty acid alkyl esters) and related compounds at low temperatures

Biodiesel, defined as the mono-alkyl esters of vegetable oils and animal fats is, has undergone rapid development and acceptance as an alternative diesel fuel. Kinematic viscosity is one of the fuel properties specified in biodiesel standards, with 40 °C being the temperature at which this property is to be determined and ranges of acceptable kinematic viscosity given. While data on kinematic viscosity of biodiesel and related materials at higher temperatures are available in the literature, this work reports on the kinematic viscosity of biodiesel and a variety of fatty acid alkyl esters at temperatures from 40 °C down to −10 °C in increments of 5 °C using the appropriately modified standard reference method ASTM D445. Investigating the low-temperature properties of biodiesel, including viscosity, of biodiesel and its components is important because of the problems associated with the use of biodiesel under these conditions. Such data may aid in developing biodiesel fuels optimized for fatty ester composition. An index termed here the low-temperature viscosity ratio (LTVR) using data at 0 °C and 40 °C (divide viscosity value at 0 °C by viscosity value at 40 °C) was used to evaluate individual compounds but also mixtures by their low-temperature viscosity behavior. Compounds tested included a variety of saturated, monounsaturated, diunsaturated and triunsaturated fatty esters, methyl ricinoleate, in which the OH group leads to a significant increase in viscosity as well as triolein, as well as some fatty alcohols and alkanes. Esters of oleic acid have the highest viscosity of all biodiesel components that are liquids at low temperatures. The behavior of blends of biodiesel and some fatty esters with a low-sulfur diesel fuel was also investigated.     

微晶纤维素增粘剂的研制

以棉浆为原料，废盐酸为水解催化剂，所得合成革用微晶纤锥素增粘剂的质量指标达到了德国和日本同类产品的标准。     

Influence of polymer molecular weight on selected thermodynamic properties of polymer/solvent systems and the application of the UNIFAC theory

The intrinsic viscosities of eleven narrow molecular weight distribution polystyrene samples ranging from number-average molecular weight 1820 to 1 292 000 have been determined in pure solvents of tetrahydrofuran and chloroform with a Ubbelohde No. 1 viscometer at 25°C. By combining the original and modified Fox-Flory viscosity treatments, respectively, with the Flory-Huggins Lattice theory, the interaction parameters were calculated. With the aid of original and modified UNIFAC methods the solvent activity, clustering function of the solvent, and the interaction parameter were computed and compared with the experimental data. It was established that the influence imposed by the polymer molecular weight on the activity of the solvent, the clustering function of solvent, and interaction parameter is insignificant. The modified UNIFAC method satisfactorily predicted the solvent activity as illustrated by previous investigators. However, both UNIFAC methods failed to predict the interaction parameter.     

Morphology and mechanical properties of blends of thermoplastic polyurethane and polyolefins

Polyolefins (PO) were melt mixed with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in a 20 : 80 weight ratio with or without compatibilizer containing 0.5 wt % of maleic anhydride. Effects of component viscosities on morphology and on mechanical properties of the blend were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile property analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was found that the disperse particle size of compatibilizer‐free blends decreased with the decreasing viscosity ratio of the disperse phase to TPU. The efficiency of the compatibilizer in reducing the particle size varied with viscosity ratios of the disperse phase to compatibilizer. However, the particle size did not decrease with the decreasing viscosity ratio monotonically. With lower viscosity ratio, addition of 5 wt % compatibilizer resulted in a greater reduction of particle size and less loss in the tensile properties as compared to the TPU matrix. For the polyethene (PE) that has the lowest viscosity value among all the POs, its size in the blend was stabilized with the addition of compatibilizer and no compatibilization was detected by DMA and by tensile property analysis. The mobility of the disperse phase and compatibilizer and the dispersion competition between them seemed important. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 875–883, 2006     

Dynamic mechanical properties of agricultural residues‐filled polystyrene

Agricultural residues (cotton straw) were added as very small particles to polystyrene (PS) at different weight ratios by using a melt‐mixing technique. The dynamic mechanical tests were performed over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies by using an ARES rheometer (Rheometrics Scientific) operated in the dynamic mode. The dynamic mechanical properties in terms of the storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″), compliance moduli, loss tangent, and dynamic viscosity were studied and compared for PS and PS composite. The results showed that the dynamic mechanical moduli and viscosity were found to increase with the addition of cotton straw and rise further with its loading increasing. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 37–40, 2004     

High‐solid‐content emulsions. V. Applications of miniemulsions to high solids and viscosity control

The use of miniemulsions of styrene and butyl acrylate to make high‐solid‐content, low‐viscosity latices was investigated. Products were obtained with solid concentrations greater than 70 wt % and viscosities as low as 350 mPa s at shear rates of 20 s^?1. This was possible with monomodal and bimodal latices. In addition, the compartmentalization of the reactive species in the miniemulsion systems was exploited to produce latices with high solid concentrations, low viscosities, and bimodal molecular weight distributions. This demonstrated a potentially interesting application for this sort of material. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 745–752, 2005     

混炼胶门尼粘度的预测与控制

使用ＭＧＫＪ型密炼机混炼微机监控系统，在ＢＢ２７０型密炼机上预测混炼胶的门尼粘度值，实现了胎面胶门尼粘度值的预测。预测值与实测值的差平均为０８（相对误差１％）。借助预测门尼粘度的数学模型，对排胶点进行控制，使混炼胶门尼粘度的波动范围为－３～＋３。     

α-烯烃磺酸盐、NaCl、NH_4Cl对液体洗涤剂粘度影响的研究

研究了阴离子表面活性剂/非离子表面活性剂复配液体洗涤剂时α 烯烃磺酸盐、NaCl、NH4Cl对其粘度的影响。结果表明:液体洗涤剂中无论是否含有NaCl或NH4Cl,其粘度均随体系中α 烯烃磺酸盐浓度的增加而下降。NaCl或NH4Cl对液体洗涤剂粘度的提高程度与α 烯烃磺酸盐的浓度有关。对以α 烯烃磺酸盐为主体表面活性剂的液体洗涤剂,其粘度的提高与NaCl或NH4Cl的浓度有关。