毛细管动态挤出下聚合物熔体非线性流变行为的研究

采用毛细管动态流变仪,选用PELD、PP、PS和PA等典型物料,研究了毛细管动态挤出下各聚合物熔体的非线性流变行为。结果表明,不同物料的流变行为对振动力场的响应特性有较大差异,只有在一定的振幅和频率下振动力场才能有效降低熔体的黏度。实验首次发现,PP、PS和PA存在窄的振动参数区域,在此区域内,熔体的动态表观黏度值大于相应的稳态值,出现“加振变黏”现象。这一新的发现表明,并非“只要引入振动就一定有利于聚合物材料的成型加工”,必须考虑不同分子结构的聚合物材料对振动的不同响应规律。     

吡咯烷基-N-甲酸,丙烯酸乙二醇酯的合成及其光聚合动力学的研究

合成了不含氢键的低粘度的吡咯烷基-N-甲酸-丙烯酸乙二醇酯(PLW),并采用实时红外光谱法检测了光强和光引发剂浓度对光聚合动力学的影响。随着光强的增加光聚合的最终转化率基本不变,但是光聚合速率有明显的增加,并且达到最大聚合速率的时间也缩短。随着光引发剂浓度的增加,最终转化率和最大聚合速率都有了显著的增加。所合成单体的转化率在30 s内能达到90%以上。     

建筑陶瓷生产用印膏的研制

利用羧甲基纤维素钠（Na—CMC）、甘油、乙二醇和纯净水等为主要原料制备建筑陶瓷生产装饰用印膏，实验研究了工艺因素对印膏粘度和印刷性能的影响，优化出适合生产使用的印膏配方。结果表明：当Na-CMC的加入量在1．75g～2．25g之间，甘油15g，乙二醇20g，纯净水65g所制备的印膏具合适粘度和良好的印刷性能。     

高转化率SBR1712的合成和性能

分子量调节剂叔十二碳硫醇(TDM)采用分批加入方式,TDM补加量为0.35～0.45份;选用歧化松香酸钾和脂肪酸钠复合乳化剂,采用一次加入方式;在聚合速率为(7～8)%/h时,可制备出转化率达70%±2%的充油丁苯橡胶SBR 1712(充油量27.3%).在10L釜中进行扩大试验,所得试样的性能与JSR公司同类产品的性能相当.     

Ionic liquids as electrolytes

Salts having a low melting point are liquid at room temperature, or even below, and form a new class of liquids usually called room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL). Information about RTILs can be found in the literature with such key words as: room temperature molten salt, low-temperature molten salt, ambient-temperature molten salt, liquid organic salt or simply ionic liquid. Their physicochemical properties are the same as high temperature ionic liquids, but the practical aspects of their maintenance or handling are different enough to merit a distinction. The class of ionic liquids, based on tetraalkylammonium cation and chloroaluminate anion, has been extensively studied since late 1970s of the XX century, following the works of Osteryoung. Systematic research on the application of chloroaluminate ionic liquids as solvents was performed in 1980s. However, ionic liquids based on aluminium halides are moisture sensitive. During the last decade an increasing number of new ionic liquids have been prepared and used as solvents. The general aim of this paper was to review the physical and chemical properties of RTILs from the point of view of their possible application as electrolytes in electrochemical processes and devices. The following points are discussed: melting and freezing, conductivity, viscosity, temperature dependence of conductivity, transport and transference numbers, electrochemical stability, possible application in aluminium electroplating, lithium batteries and in electrochemical capacitors.     

Comparison of relative viscosity measurement of polyvinylpyrrolidone in water by glass capillary viscometer and differential dual‐capillary viscometer

The relative viscosity (RV) of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with different molecular weights was measured with a glass capillary viscometer and with a differential dual‐capillary viscometer in water at different concentrations. For the differential dual‐capillary viscometer, RV increases with a decreasing flow rate, especially for high molecular weight PVP at a 1% concentration. A good agreement in the RV between the two methods can be obtained for PVP with different molecular weights and at various concentrations if an appropriate flow rate is selected for the differential dual‐capillary viscometer. Special precaution is needed when using the differential dual‐capillary viscometer to measure the viscosity of a pure solvent. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1312–1315, 2002     

塑料充模流动粘性模型研究

对多种塑料在不同温度下的剪切速率一稳态剪切粘度数据进行Cross粘性模型参数拟合，得到了表征材料粘度的模型参数(B，Tb，τ^*，n)。其拟合效果良好，能较准确地描述塑料熔体在一定剪切速率和温度范围内的粘流特性，为工程计算和塑料熔体模流分析提供了数据支持。结果表明，该方法有较广泛的适用性。     

The Viscosity of cottonseed oil,fractionation solvents and their solutions

Cold fractionation of cottonseed oil is made difficult by the high viscosity of the oil. This study was aimed at demonstrating the effect of solvents on the viscosity of mixtures between 0°C and 25°C with a view to facilitating the fractionation of refined cottonseed oil. The solvents used were acetone, methylethylketone, methylisobutylketone, hexane and heptane. Measurements of viscosity were carried out by means of a capillary viscometer. The ratio of the viscosity of cottonseed oil to that of pure solvents is of the order of 300. The viscosities of solutions of various ratios of solvent to oil (1/3, 1/1, 3/1) are between those of cottonseed oil and the pure solvents. The effect of the solvent/oil ratio overrides that of solvent nature. The effect of solvent in reducing the viscosity of cottonseed oil is by descending order: acetone, hexane, methylethylketone, heptane, methylisobutylketone.     

加成型硅橡胶灌封料流变性能的研究

研究了加成型硅橡胶灌胶封料的注性能。测定了硅橡胶灌封料的粘度，讨论了配制工艺条件及组份对硅橡胶灌封料流变性能的影响，分析了白炭黑在硅橡胶灌封料中的分散状态，实验结果表明，通过改进配制工艺条件，优化组分，可以制备出满足特定需要并具有高流动性的硅橡胶灌封料。     

热处理对照相明胶溶液粘度和分子量分布的影响

本文以四种照相明胶为研究对象，探讨热处理对照相胶胶溶液粘度和分子量分布的影响，实验结果表明，随着加热温度上升，照相明胶溶液粘度下降，数均分子量下降，照相明胶溶液粘度和数均分子量密切相关，照相明胶溶液粘度下降发生的内在原因是数均分子量下降，在本实验条件下，惰胶、活性胶的加热温度不超过７５℃，ＰＡ胶的加热温度不超过６０℃。