Volatiles from Ficus hispida and Their Attractiveness to Fig Wasps

Volatile compositions of receptive (ready to be pollinated), postpollinated, and postparasitized figs, and leaves of Ficus hispida were analyzed. Differences among them were examined, and the specificity of fig wasp attractiveness was investigated. Linalool was the major constituent of steam-distilled oil of either male or female receptive figs, while dibutyl phthalate was the major compound of the oils of postparasitized and postpollinated figs. In petroleum ether extracts, palmitic oil, and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid were the main constituents of male and female receptive figs, while hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester was the major compound of postparasitized and postpollinated figs. In dichloromethane extracts, linalool was the major constituent of male and female receptive figs, 1-hydroxylinalool was the major component of male postparasitized figs, and 1-hydroxylinalool and benzyl alcohol were the major constituents of female postpollinated figs. Bioassays with sticky traps showed that Ceratosolen solmsimarchal was attracted to dichloromethane extracts of male and female receptive figs and to petroleum ether extracts of female receptive figs, but was not attracted to dichloromethane and petroleum ether extracts of male postparasitized and female postpollinated figs. Figs were attractive to pollinating wasps only at the receptive stage. The volatile constituents of receptive figs were different from those of postpollinated or postparasitized figs. From a receptive to a postpollinated state, figs changed in their volatile composition. Some compounds disappeared or decreased in amount. These include linalool, linalool oxide, -terpeneol, and 2,6-dimethyl-1,7-octadiene-3,6-diol, which may act as the attractants of the wasps. Others increased in amount, or several additional chemicals appeared. These include dibutyl phthalate, 1-hydroxylinalool, and benzyl alcohol, which may be repellents of the wasps. That dichloromethane extracts of male and female receptive figs showed similar activities in attracting fig wasps indicates that receptive figs of both sexes are similarly attractive to fig wasps, which is further supported by their similar volatile composition. Leaf extract was not attractive to the wasps.     

大气腐蚀和气相缓蚀剂应用技术

综述了金属大气腐蚀的研究状况,介绍了大气腐蚀的研究方法和进展.简述了气相缓蚀剂的特点,讨论了气相缓蚀技术的应用形式和气相缓蚀剂的发展方向.开发新型高效、低毒气相缓蚀剂,发展气相缓蚀剂的多载体应用技术,将是气相缓蚀剂应用过程中的重点.     

纳米Au膜在口腔呼吸检测器中的应用

以纳米Au膜材料为核心反应器,用硫化氢气体代替口腔呼吸气来检测巯基化合物的浓度变化,实验采用桥式电路,以复射式直流检流计作为测试手段,以电流显示读数。进而以不同的Au膜粗糙度和不同的Au膜厚度分别对硫化氢的浓度进行测试,同时,对比实验数据探索吸附规律。结果表明:在良好的控制条件下,气体体积分数与测试结果成线性关系。     

提取方法对橙皮和桔皮中挥发油成分的影响

实验采用共水蒸馏的方法进行提取，随着蒸馏时间的延长，出现从未焦糊到完全焦糊的过程，挥发油中的主要成分的含量也随之改变．文中论述了实验室共水蒸馏的提取方法、过程，并对结果进行了分析，如果针对其中最主要的成分1-甲基-5-亚乙基环庚烯来说，焦糊状态有利于富集．     

江永香柚柚皮中挥发性化学成分的GC-MS联用分析研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取江永香柚外黄皮和内白皮中的挥发性成分,经GC-MS联用分析,分别鉴定出61种和22种化合物.江永香柚外黄皮中挥发性成分以柠烯碳氢化合物为主体成分,其中柠檬烯含量占粗精油的76.04%,江永香柚内白皮则以十八碳二烯酸、棕榈酸和七聚氧化乙烯为主体成分.     

室内装修中板材挥发甲醛、氨和苯系物的模拟研究

室内材料中释放的挥发性有机化合物是造成室内空气污染的主要原因之一.文章采用常用室内装饰材料-细木工板,模拟室内装修中进行油漆常规涂刷,对经油漆板材释放出的甲醛、氨、苯、甲苯、二甲苯进行了连续研究和测定.结果表明,木制板材在油漆施工大约七天之后,释放的污染物浓度下降且趋于稳定,油漆等涂料对板材中有毒有害污染物向外释放有一定的抑制和封闭作用.     

室内空气净化器的现状及改进措施

现有室内空气净化器产品的净化功能尚不完善,对挥发性有机物缺乏高效实用的处理方法,无法满足改善室内空气品质的需要,在分析室内空气污染物性质及特点的基础上,将活性炭一纳米TiO2光催化氧化技术与传统的空气过滤技术相结合,提出了室内空气净化器的改进措施及新型室内空气净化器的设计方案,以期推动这一产品的升级换代。     

某有机化工企业危废仓库挥发性有机物的治理案例

来源广、浓度低、成分复杂的挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)一直是大气污染防治的难点。以某化工企业危废仓库有机废气治理项目为例,设计采用"水洗+气雾分离+活性炭吸附"的组合工艺对危废仓库内的VOCs进行处理并达标排放。该工艺具有运行稳定,维护成本低等优点,可以为易产生低浓度、成分复杂的VOCs的化工企业原料仓库、危废仓库、污水处理站等提供切实可行、高效治理的参考依据。     

不同部位北香薷挥发油的制备及化学成分分析

目的：研究花、茎、叶不同部位北香薷挥发油的制备及化学成分分析。方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法制备挥发油,运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术鉴定香薷挥发油的化学成分,纸片法考察抑菌活性。结果：GC-MS分析鉴定出香薷花、茎、叶成分含量较高的分别为BETA-去氢香薷酮、1,1'-[亚乙基双(氧基)]二丁烷、BETA-去氢香薷酮,抑菌试验。结果表明北香薷三个部位对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草和短小芽孢杆菌、白色念珠菌有不同程度抑制作用。结论：北香薷不同部位挥发油的化学成分不同、抑菌活性也有差异,本研究为北香薷挥发油的开发利用提供依据。     

吨焦耗煤指标的影响因素分析

吨焦耗煤指标的主要影响因素有配煤挥发分、焦炭挥发分、焦炭烧损率、焦灰产量、进厂煤水分化验、焦炭称量等,分析表明,因计算基础不同,各企业间的吨焦耗煤指标缺少比较的统一性。济钢焦化厂在焦炭全干熄和干熄焦灰不计入焦炭产量的前提条件下,经推算,吨焦耗煤指标值在1.375t左右。