LED路灯的二次光学透镜设计

鉴于道路照明需求的多样性和复杂性,基于配光曲线映射原理,运用透射光学设计手段,借鉴传统路灯设计方法,针对单颗大功率白光LED,根据其特有的配光特性参数设计了一种新颖的二次光学透镜。该透镜实现了将LED的郎伯型配光转换为蝙蝠翼型配光,将圆形光斑转换为矩形光斑,同时可以达到很高的光输出效率和近似1∶2的长宽比。与同类设计相比,达到国家道路照明标准,同时降低了设计复杂度,可应用于LED路灯设计。     

提高两类不同折射率粒子的俘获效应

通过调节双环型涡旋偏振光的截断参数,可分别得到中心强度较大且变化梯度大的三维亮斑和面积较小而且被均匀分布的亮场包围的三维暗斑.利用亮斑俘获折射率较大的瑞利粒子,使得俘获系数提高,达到717;利用暗斑俘获折射率较小的粒子,俘获系数也明显提高,为1 150.     

A modeling method of microburst based on multiple vortex ring

Microburst is a special kind of low-level wind shear, which may do great damage to aircrafts. Modelling of a microburst is significant for flight simulations. In this paper we adopt multiple vortex ring principle to model microburst and propose a new parameter selection method of multiple vortex ring model. We treat the parameters selection as an optimization problem, and introduce the differential evolution algorithm into it. A nested differential evolution algorithm is proposed to complete the two optimization process, objective optimization and intermediate optimization. The simulation results show that this method can flexibly generate microburst with any maximum wind velocity.     

尾板对重型载货汽车尾部流场的影响

为了降低风的阻力,对某牵引式重型载货汽车加装了4种不同形式和尺寸的尾板。并采用数值仿真的方法分析了尾板对流场的影响,探索了风阻产生机理和降低原因。仿真工况模拟正常车辆行驶速度25m/s,未考虑侧风影响。计算结果表明:安装4种尾板后风阻系数均有降低,降幅最大为2.8%,获得了较满意的降阻效果。对比分析了4种方案的整车气动阻力系数、流速分布及总压为零等值面的计算结果。研究发现:尾板对车身周围气流的影响集中在货箱尾部,改变了尾流中原有的环形漩涡结构,从而降低了风阻。     

侧向进水口立轴旋涡数值模拟

为了研究侧向进水口立轴旋涡的运动特性,以RNG模型为基础,引入VOF方法捕捉自由液面的变化,对立轴旋涡的形态及其运动轨迹进行了三维数值模拟,并对旋涡水面线和三维速度分布进行了分析。结果表明,侧向进水口前的旋涡是非对称的,其涡轴是一条空间曲线,旋涡下部在进水口的抽吸拉伸作用下发生扭曲。旋涡运动可分为三部分,第一部分水面线呈漏斗状,与对称旋涡类似,第二部分旋涡运动逐渐从竖向转为横向,第三部分为横向运动。在旋涡的上半部,轴向速度随着水深的增加而增大,当旋涡逐渐由竖向转为横向运动时,轴向速度逐渐减小直至为零。最大切向速度发生在淹没深度的52%处。     

EXPERIMENTAL ESTIMATION OF A SCALING EXPONENT FOR TIP VORTEX CAVITATION VIA ITS INCEPTION TEST IN FULL- ANDMODEL-SHIP

Tip vortex cavitation noise of marine propeller became primary concerns to reduce hazardous environmental impacts from commercial ship or to keep the underwater surveillance of naval ships. The investigations of the tip vortex and its induced noise are normally conducted through the model test in a water cavitation tunnel. However the Reynolds number of model-test is much smaller than that of the full-scale, which subsequently results in the difference of tip vortex cavitation inception. Hence, the scaling law between model-and full-scales needs to be identified prior to the prediction and assessment of propeller noise in full scale. From previous researches, it is generally known that the incipient caivtation number of tip vortex can be represented as a power of the Reynolds number. However, the power exponent for scaling, which is the main focus of this research, has not been clearly studied yet. This paper deals with the estimation of scaling exponent based on tip vortex cavitation inception test in both full-and model-scale ships. Acoustical measurements as well as several kind of signal processing technique for an inception criterion suggest the scaling exponent as 0.30. The scaling value proposed in this study shows slight difference to the one of most recent research. Besides, extrapolation of model-ship noise measurement using the proposed one predicts the full-scale noise measurement with an acceptable discrepancy.     

历史街区的更新改造策略——以屯溪老街马路改造为例

文章通过屯溪老街改造前的风貌评价,提出分级改造强度,延续发展屯溪老街核心商业功能的更新理念,对老街历史肌理、尺度与风貌进行整体控制的原则,从业态规划,建筑改造,交通组织,街道入口、街道灯饰、地面铺装改造等方面进行治理、改造,使改造后的屯溪老街焕发新的活力.     

北京王府井步行商业街景观环境设计探析

通过对北京王府井步行商业街景观环境现状进行研究分析,归纳总结出王府井步行商业街景观设计应遵循的原则,并且提出对王府井步行商业街景观环境设计的对策：突出历史文化的主题,构建绿色、和谐的街道形态,加强街道景观的维护管理,从而对王府井步行商业街景观环境进行更为良好的营造,提升王府井步行商业街景观环境的质量.     

非满管电磁流量计权重函数有限元数值分析

采用有限元数值分析法,对长弧形电极非满管电磁流量传感器的权重函数进行了研究,并给出了不同液位下的权重函数分布图谱。计算结果表明,非满管电磁流量传感器的权重函数与管内液体充满度有关,两者呈复杂函数关系。该研究结果为优化非满管电磁流量传感器结构提供了理论依据。