柞丝绸水溶性蛋白质的组成研究

柞丝绸在水洗濯过程中,水与丝纤维之间发生的变化是很需要研究的问题。文中利用水萃取方法获得了柞丝绸水溶物,并研究了其组成,探讨了固着柞丝绸水溶物的效能。     

Structure and antimicrobial activity relationship of quaternary N‐alkyl chitosan derivatives against some plant pathogens

In the present work, quaternary chitosans as water‐soluble compounds were prepared based on three‐step process. Schiff bases were firstly synthesized by the reaction between the amino groups of chitosan with aliphatic aldehydes followed by a reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) to form N‐(alkyl) chitosans. N,N,N‐(dimethyl alkyl) chitosans were then obtained by a reaction of chitosan containing N‐butyl, N‐pentyl, N‐hexyl, N‐heptyl, and N‐octyl substituents with methyl iodide. The compounds were characterized using IR and NMR spectroscopy. Subsequent experiments were conducted to test their antimicrobial activities against the most economic plant pathogenic bacteria of crown gall disease Agrobacterium tumefaciens, soft mold disease Erwinia carotovora, fungi of grey mold Botrytis cinerea, root rot disease Fusarium oxysporum, and damping off disease Pythium debaryanum. Quaternary chitosans enhanced the antibacterial activity and N,N,N‐(dimethyl pentyl) chitosan was the most active one with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 750 and 1225 mg/L against A. tumefaciens and E. carotovora, respectively. All quaternized chitosans gave stronger antifungal activities than chitosan where N,N,N‐(dimethyl pentyl) chitosan and N,N,N‐(dimethyl octyl) chitosan were significantly the highest in mycelial growth inhibiation against B. cinerea (EC₅₀ = 908 and 383 mg/L, respectively), F. oxysporum (EC₅₀ = 871 and 812 mg/L, respectively), and P. debaryanum (EC₅₀ = 624 and 440 mg/L, respectively). In addition, spore germination of B. cinerea and F. oxysporum was significantly affected with the compounds at the tested concentrations and the inhibition activity was increased with an increase in the chain length of the alkyl substituent. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

纸品粘结用聚氨酯热熔胶的制备

采用不同相对分子质量的聚乙二醇(PEG)和甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为原料制备了水溶性聚氨酯热熔胶。讨论了PEG相对分子质量、原料配比、TDI滴加温度、反应时间等对产品性能的影响。结果表明,当PEG8000∶PEG600∶TDI摩尔比为1∶1∶2.28、TDI滴加温度为60～70℃、反应时间为3h时,所得聚氨酯热熔胶软化点为72.5℃、剪切强度为2.668MPa、吸湿率为0.81%,胶丝水溶性优,适用于纸品的粘接,并有利于废纸的回收处理。     

南瓜水溶性多糖的含量测定

南瓜干粉样品经甲醇回流脱脂,热水提取、乙醇沉淀,以葡萄糖为对照品,用苯酚-硫酸比色法测定其中水溶性多糖的含量。葡萄糖浓度在20.192～100.960ug/mL范围内,与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为:A=﹣0.0012+0.00888C(r=0.9975),测得南瓜中水溶性多糖的含量为(33.74±0.80)%,精密度为1.93%;对照试验的回收率为(99.00±1.57)%,精密度为1.48%。     

发酵酸化技术对乳饼蛋白质降解及蛋白肽生物活性的影响

通过发酵酸化技术研制发酵型乳饼,以传统的直接酸化技术为对照,通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE）、液相色谱-质谱测定乳饼蛋白质降解情况和游离氨基酸含量,通过用液相色谱-串联质谱鉴定乳饼蛋白肽。并通过测定体外抗氧化活性、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率和血管紧张素转换酶（angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE）抑制率表征乳饼蛋白肽的生物活性。SDS-PAGE结果表明,两种酸化技术均能促进乳饼蛋白质的降解,发酵酸化技术对乳清蛋白的降解程度更高,能促进游离氨基酸的释放。从发酵酸化乳饼中鉴定出潜在的ACE抑制肽23?条、抗氧化肽6?条和降糖肽5?条,而传统的直接酸化乳饼中分别为13、4?条和1?条。发酵酸化技术能显著提升乳饼蛋白肽的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性和ACE抑制活性（P＜0.05）,其中分子质量＜3?kDa超滤组分对二者抑制率的IC50分别为1.250?mg/mL和0.416?mg/mL。发酵酸化技术能促进乳饼蛋白质降解,释放生物活性多肽,同时产生游离氨基酸,提升乳饼的生物学价值。     

强化淀粉类食品中7 种水溶性维生素的快速测定

建立高效液相色谱-二极管阵列-荧光联用法同时检测营养强化淀粉类食品中7 种水溶性维生素含量的方法。样品经淀粉酶60 ℃酶解45 min,调pH值提取后,经十二烷基硫酸钠（5 mmol/L,加入0.1%磷酸,三乙胺调pH 3.0）-乙腈梯度洗脱,VB1、烟酸、烟酰胺在不同波长下进行检测,VB2、吡哆醛、吡哆醇、吡哆胺采用目标物出峰时间段转变激发、发射波长检测。7 种维生素在各自线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r2为0.999 6～0.999 9,加标回收率为90.5%～102.5%,检出限为0.01～0.08 mg/100 g,定量限为0.025～0.26 mg/100 g。方法快速、高效,适用于大批量强化淀粉类食品中7 种水溶性维生素的同时测定。     

溶解结晶法制备磷酸一铵水溶肥

选取肥料级磷酸一铵为原料,采取溶解、除杂、一次蒸干或者浓缩重结晶的方法制得磷酸一铵水溶肥,通过讨论各工艺条件的影响,确定了较优的工艺条件:溶解温度96℃、溶解时间30 min、溶质过量1.1倍、沉降(60 min)+真空过滤。产品w(N+P2O5)≥60%,满足水溶肥料化工行业标准HG/T 4365—2012。此法开辟了粉状磷酸一铵新的用途,为於渣酸料浆法生产磷酸一铵水溶肥提供除杂依据和工艺参考。     

水溶性丙烯酸涂料的研制

采用乳液聚合方法,以丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为交联单体,以水和乙醇为溶剂,合成水性丙烯酸乳液.讨论了单体配比、引发剂用量、溶剂选择和反应温度对水性丙烯酸树脂性能的影响.将上述树脂加入颜料、分散剂、润湿剂、稀释剂等制得水性涂料,结果表明,该涂料综合性能良好.     

新型水溶性萘啶基荧光材料的制备及性能研究

本文制备得到一种新型萘啶基的水溶性光致发光聚合物：聚丙烯酸（PAA）-2-苄氨基-7-甲基-1,8-蔡啶,PAA5-PAMN2（PAMN是2-phenmethy-lamino-7-methyl-1,8-naphthyridine的缩写）,经光谱分析和密度泛函理论计算,研究了化合物的结构和组成,这种聚合物在酸性和碱性条件下呈现最大的吸收波长分别为364和342nm.Zn（OAc）2,的加入致使PAA5-PAMN,水溶液的荧光猝灭,而当OAcˉ改变为NO3ˉ时,在荧光强度不断降低的同时,由于NO3ˉ离子的配位使最大发射波长从410nm蓝移到400nm．Na^＋离子对其没有明显的荧光猝灭效应,     

Synthesis of reactive copolymers with peroxide functionality for cross-linking water-soluble polymers

A series of reactive copolymers with peroxide functionality (RCPFs) were synthesized via radical copolymerization of monomer mixtures in an organic solvent comprised of a peroxide monomer 5-(tert-butyl peroxy)-5-methylhex-1-en-3-yne, acrylamide, maleic anhydride, and butyl methacrylate. Peroxide functionality allows the RCPFs to initiate a variety of radical processes, including cross-linking of organic polymers. Hydrophilic monomer subunits (acrylamide and maleic anhydride) within the RCPF macromolecules promote cross-linking of water-soluble polymers. We aimed to investigate RCPF comonomer ratio and its effects on copolymerization kinetics and composition, as well as physico-chemical and colloidal properties. We also evaluated and characterized the kinetic parameters of the thermal decomposition of peroxide moieties in the synthesized RCPF. Findings revealed that RCPF possessed surface-active properties and reduced surface tension at its aqueous solution–air interface. The data indicated that the decomposition process complied with the first-order kinetics, and complex thermal analysis confirmed the presence of peroxide moieties. RCPFs' ability to cross-link water-soluble polymers was demonstrated on poly(acrylamide) and poly(vinyl alcohol).