单层氧化石墨烯改性水性聚氨酯

采用一种新型高效的铁系强氧化剂成功制备出单层氧化石墨烯(GO),通过衰减全反射红外光谱、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、原子力显微镜、场发射电子显微镜表征了这种单层GO的形态和性质。通过超声将GO分散于去离子水中,于水性聚氨酯(WPU)合成的乳化阶段共混制备出GO-WPU复合材料,测试了其拉伸性能、热学性能、疏水性的变化,同时利用透射电镜和场发射电子显微镜分别对乳液粒子形态与涂膜截面形貌进行了观察。结果表明,单层GO在乳化阶段的加入所制备的复合材料的拉伸强度得到了明显的改善,由原来的10 MPa增加到24 MPa,当GO质量分数为0.30%,复合聚氨酯的初始热分解温度(T_(d5))从245℃上升到272℃,同时,随着GO用量的逐步增加,复合膜的接触角则由70.3°提高到了95.2°从而实现了疏水性的改善。     

温度对燃烧包覆LiMn2O4/ZnO及其电性能的影响

通过葡萄糖辅助低温燃烧制备ZnO包覆型LiMn2O4,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、循环伏安、交流阻抗以及恒流充放电测试等手段,研究了温度对产物晶体结构、微观形貌及电化学性能的影响。XRD结果表明所有产物均为单相尖晶石型LiMn2O4结构。SEM结果表明产物的颗粒尺寸随温度的升高而增大。电化学性能测试表明400℃和500℃制备的LiMn2O4/ZnO具有相对优异的电化学性能,室温1C条件下首次放电比容量分别为119.3mAh/g、116.3mAh/g,循环100次后容量保持率分别85.6%、87.8%。尖晶石LiMn2O4电极的阻抗谱特征与温度有关,电池的电化学性能主要受电荷转移电阻(Rct)影响。     

中高温光谱选择性吸收涂层的研究进展

太阳能是极其丰富的可再生能源,近年来,研究人员不断努力开发高吸收低发射、耐高温、持久耐候的高性能光谱选择性吸收涂层。本文主要介绍国内外科研工作者在中温和高温光谱选择性吸收涂层方面的研究工作和最新成果,并对其高温热稳定性及失效机理进行了探讨。     

水性聚碳酸酯聚氨酯的研究进展

水性聚氨酯由于能够实现水性化,有利于减少有机溶剂的使用,更加符合人们绿色环保、健康实用的理念,而由聚碳酸酯二醇合成的水性聚氨酯拥有更加出色的性能。简要阐述了水性聚碳酸型聚氨酯的国内外研究进展,重点介绍了水性聚碳酸型聚氨酯在国内的改性研究。     

Magnetic Properties of Thermal Sprayed Tungsten Carbide–Cobalt Coatings

In the information age, the storage and accessibility of data is of vital importance. There are several possibilities to fulfill this task. Magnetic storage of data is a well‐established method and the range of materials used is continuously extended. In this study, the magnetic remanence of thermally sprayed tungsten carbide–cobalt (WCCo)‐coatings in dependence of their thickness is examined. Two magnetic fields differing in value and geometry are imprinted into the coatings and the resulting remanence field is measured. It is found that there are two effects, which in combination determine the effective value of the magnetic remanence usable for magnetic data storage.

     

Composite‐Structure Material Design for High‐Energy Lithium Storage

High‐energy storage devices are in demand for the rapid development of modern society. Until now, many kinds of energy storage devices, such as lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs), and so on, have been developed in the past 30 years. However, most of the commercially exploited and studied active electrode materials of these energy storage devices possess a single phase with low reversible capacity or unsatisfied cycle stability. Continuous and extensive research efforts are made to develop alternative materials with a higher specific energy density and long cycle life by element doping or surface modification. A novel strategy of forming composite‐structure electrode materials by introducing structure units has attracted great attention in recent years. Herein, based on previous publications on these composite‐structure materials, some important scientific points focusing on the design of composite‐structure materials for better electrochemical performances reveal the distinction of composite structures based on average and local structure analysis methods, and an understanding of the relationship between these interior composite structures and their electrochemical performances is discussed thoroughly. The lithiation/delithiation mechanism and the remaining challenges and perspectives for composite‐structure electrode materials are also elaborated.     

Simplified Perovskite Solar Cell with 4.1% Efficiency Employing Inorganic CsPbBr3 as Light Absorber

Perovskite solar cells with cost‐effectiveness, high power conversion efficiency, and improved stability are promising solutions to the energy crisis and environmental pollution. However, a wide‐bandgap inorganic–semiconductor electron‐transporting layer such as TiO₂ can harvest ultraviolet light to photodegrade perovskite halides, and the high cost of a state‐of‐the‐art hole‐transporting layer is an economic burden for commercialization. Here, the building of a simplified cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr₃) perovskite solar cell with fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO)/CsPbBr₃/carbon architecture by a multistep solution‐processed deposition technology is demonstrated, achieving an efficiency as high as 4.1% and improved stability upon interfacial modification by graphene quantum dots and CsPbBrI₂ quantum dots. This work provides new opportunities of building next‐generation solar cells with significantly simplified processes and reduced production costs.     

直接Z-型立方/六方ZnIn2S4复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

通过水热反应方法制备出立方相ZnIn₂S₄和六方相ZnIn₂S₄和系列不同摩尔比的复合相ZnIn₂S₄光催化剂,使用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、电子能谱、透射电子显微镜、光致发光光谱、N₂吸附-脱附法及紫外-可见光漫反射等手段表征了样品的晶体结构、显微结构及吸光特性并在可见光照射下进行了甲基橙降解实验。结果表明,复合相ZnIn₂S₄样品都具有比立方相、六方相和机械混合的ZnIn₂S₄更好的可见光催化活性,当复合相ZnIn₂S₄样品中立方相与六方相摩尔比为3:7时体系的催化活性最高。这种样品被可见光照射30 min后,甲基橙的降解率达到95.2%。其降解机理与样品较大的比表面积以及样品中的立方相与六方相之间的密切接触而形成直接Z-型光催化过程有关。