含共晶碳化物Fe－Cr－Mn合金在高温含硫气氛中的腐蚀研究

对含碳量为０．５０－２．６３％的Ｆｃ－Ｃｒ－Ｍｎ合金在８００℃下含硫混合气氛中进行腐蚀试验．用Ｘ射线物相分析法分析了腐蚀产物种类及其相对含量，现实测定了元素在腐蚀产物中的分布及试样亚表层共晶碳化物的腐蚀行为。结果表明：试验合金比高Ｎｉ耐热钢具有高的抗腐蚀性；合金的腐蚀行为受硫化及氧化腐蚀双重制约，因而使合金的腐蚀增重呈现峰值，随气氛氧化性增强，峰值向低碳方向移动；共晶碳化物具有比金属基体略好的抗腐蚀性。     

12Cr1MoV钢高温时效过程中组织结构的演变

用Larson-Miller参数对12CrlMoV钢进行了在不同温度与时间的高温时效模拟，研究了其显微组织和亚结构的演变。光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜的观察分析表明，在时效过程中的主要组织结构变化是珠光体的消散与分解，碳化物从固溶体中脱落，碳化物粗化并向晶界转移以及晶粒长大。同时，位错密度下降并结成位错网络。这些持续而缓慢的变化符合热力学驱动力与扩散动力学规律。     

稀土在含氮奥氏体耐热钢中的作用机理和冶炼工艺

经验证向ＺＧ３Ｃｒｌ８Ｍｎ９Ｎｉ４Ｓｉ２Ｎ耐热钢水中加入一定量的稀土合金，能大幅度地提高其三项高温性能，接近或相当于１Ｃｒ２５Ｎｉ２０Ｓｉ２耐热铜的高温性能。阐述了钢中微量稀土的作用机理，介绍了此钢种的使用范围。同时，重点讨论和分析了装入吹氧法获得此材料的冶炼工艺，并提供了铸造此钢种价廉实用的造型材料和涂料。     

4Cr14Ni14W2Mo钢氮化层剥落的研究

Unthank等人曾指出,含Cr高的奥氏体不锈钢在600～800℃氮化时,将沿晶界形成大量的CrN,并可能导致沿晶开裂,造成氮化层剥落.Kindlimann和Ansell认为,氮化表面上Fe或Ni-Fe的氮化物增到一定厚度时将产生“白亮层”,冷却时可能剥落。高濑孝夫在讨论氮化温度对18-8钢氮化层脆性影响时指出,低温氮化易出现氮化层剥落。本工作通过氮化前对试样作适当的预先热处理找到了解决氮化层剥落的方法,并探明了氮化层剥落的原因。     

聚氨酯/聚四氟乙烯耐磨防腐涂层表面结构的研究

研究了以聚氨酯和γ辐照的聚四氟乙烯组成的耐磨防腐涂层的耐磨寿命及耐水性。用付里叶红外和ESCA等分析了涂层表面的化学结构及形貌,揭示了涂层表面富集的聚四氟乙烯与聚氨酯树脂形成牢固的结合时,涂层具有良好的耐磨性及抗腐蚀性.     

RTCr2低铬耐热铸铁的熔炼工艺

介绍了低铬耐热铸铁（RTcr2）的生产过程，用1.5t／h冲天炉和选择化学成分为：ω（cr）1.5％-1.8％，ω（C）3.0％～3.3％，ω（Si）2.0％～2.5％，ω（Mn）≤0.8％，ω（P）、ω（S）≤0.10％的铁液，生产现场严格控制底焦高度、铬铁块度，石灰石加入量等，生产的耐热铸铁完全满足了产品的各项性能要求。     

APPLICATION OF d-ELECTRON ALLOY DESIGN THEORY TO DEVELOPMENT OF HOT CORROSION RESISTANT Ni-BASE SINGLE CRYSTAL SUPERALLOYS——Ⅰ Characterization of Phase Stability

为应用d-电子合金设计理论(或新相分计算法(New PHACOMP))设计发展新型抗热腐蚀单晶高温合金,首先对高Cr抗热腐蚀IN738LC系列合金Ni—16Cr—9.5Al—4.0Ti-8.0Co—0.55Nb—0.06Zr—0.05B—0.47C-Ta—W—Mo(at-％)的相稳定性进行了综合评价得出抑制σ相析出的稳定性临界条件为Mdt<0.991或Mdγ<0.93同时证明这两个临界电子参数具有等价性,可以用Mdt代替Mdγ简化合金设计过程.这一结果可适用于其它高Cr系列抗热腐蚀镍基合金的d-电子合金设计     

IMPROVEMENT OF TYPE IV CRACKING RESISTANCE OF 9Cr HEAT RESISTING STEEL WELDMENT BY BORON ADDITION

Creep lives of high Cr ferritic heat resisting steel weldments decrease due to Type Ⅳ fracture, which occurs as a result of formation and growth of creep voids and cracks on grain boundaries in fine-grained heat affected zone (HAZ). Because boron is considered to suppress the coarsening of grain boundary precipitates and growth of creep voids, we have investigated the effect of boron addition on the creep properties of 9Cr steel weldments. Four kinds of 9Cr3WSCoVNb steels with boron content varying from 4.7×10-5 to 1.8×10-4 and with nitrogen as low as 2.0×10-5 were prepared. The steel plates were welded by gas tungsten arc welding and crept at 923K. It was found that the microstructures of HAZ were quite different from those of conventional high Cr steels such as P91 and P92, namely the fine-grained HAZ did not exist in the present steel weldments. Boron addition also has the effect to suppress coarsening of grain boundary carbides in HAZ during creep. As a result of these phenomena, the welded join     

省级以下现代天气业务集约化发展研究

在梳理中国气象局现代气象业务发展,特别是现代天气业务发展思路和成效的基础上,结合公共气象服务面临的新形势和新需求,分析了省级以下现代天气业务集约化发展面临的新问题,提出了优化省市县三级的重点业务分工、改进预报预警技术和业务流程、完善相关业务标准、创新基层一体化业务服务方式、进而推进核心气象业务集约化发展的建议,包括：①实施“预报核心上移、服务重心下沉”战略,逐步建立适应气象服务体制改革要求的业务布局。强化省级大数据（基础数据、预报服务产品库和综合一体化平台等）环境部署、精准化天气预报技术路线及流程的革新、灾害性天气预警技术把关等业务核心地位,强化市级短期精细化要素预报订正和气象服务社会化的组织与协调,强化县级基层气象防灾减灾的社会化组织和协调、灾害性天气及气象灾害风险预警职能。②创新基层海量数值天气预报（NWP）产品集成应用方式,关注气象要素格点、情景预报技术发展,探索综合业务平台升级以及预报产品无缝隙、网格化、精细化制作技术。③进一步理清灾害性天气预报预警业务的上下级分工,创新管理模式,完善集约化业务平台和流程,整合专业化的信息发布平台和流程。④完善产品格式、标准和方法,推进业务质量检验评估体系建设。⑤强化多方式业务培训,提升业务科技创新能力,推进县级监测、预报和服务业务的一体化,全面提升县级精细化预报、灾害性天气及气象灾害预警服务能力。     

A User‐Centric Evaluation Procedure for the Design of Child‐Resistant Medicine Bottles

Recently, people have begun to realize the importance of child‐resistant (CR) medicine packaging. However, most manufacturers and designers have not been able to effectively provide prevention strategies or design criteria to protect consumers. This research proposes a systematic approach to analyze CR packaging design problems and experiments to evaluate the identified design parameters and to generate the most suitable CR medicine packaging design. The design of a CR packaging bottle is used as an example to help explain the development procedure. During the development procedure, user trials, questionnaires, and children's anthropometric data on bottle opening and hand operations are analyzed. Five design parameters, specifically the cap diameter, cap height, bottle height, bottle diameter, and torsion, are identified and used to perform a Taguchi orthogonal array experimental analysis. A computer‐aided design system is also built to help generate the most suitable design alternatives. The results should assist designers in determining the most important CR design parameters and their most suitable combinations for bottle and related CR medicine packaging design.