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71.
Forest and bioenergy strategies offer the prospect of reduced CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. Such strategies can affect the net flux of carbon to the atmosphere through 4 mechanisms: storage of C in the biosphere; storage of C in forest products; use of biofuels to displace fossil-fuel use; use of wood products which often displaces other products that require more fossil fuel for their production. We use the mathematical model GORCAM (Graz/Oak Ridge Carbon Accounting Model) to examine these mechanisms for 16 land-use scenarios. Over long time intervals the amount of C stored in the biosphere and in forest products reaches a steady state and continuing mitigation of C emissions depends on the extent to which fossil fuel use is displaced by the use of bioenergy and wood products. The relative effectiveness of alternative forest and bioenergy strategies and their impact on net C emissions strongly depend, for example, on the productivity of the site, its current usage, and the efficiency with which the harvest is used. When growth rates are high and harvest is used efficiently, the dominant opportunity for net reduction in C emissions is seen to be fossil-fuel displacement. At the growth rates and efficiencies of harvest utilization adopted in many of our base scenarios, the net C balance at the end of 100 years is very similar whether trees are harvested and used for energy and traditional forest products, or reforestation and forest protection strategies are implemented. The C balance on a plantation system that provides a constant output of biomass products can look different than the balance of a single parcel of land. 相似文献
72.
Athanasios Eftaxias Josep Font Agusti Fortuny Azael Fabregat Frank Stüber 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(6):677-687
The wet air oxidation of phenol over a commercial active carbon catalyst was studied in a trickle bed reactor (TBR) in the temperature and oxygen partial pressure ranges of 120–160 °C and 0.1–0.2 MPa, respectively. The performance of the active carbon was compared in terms of phenol and COD destruction. The weight change of active carbon due to reaction was also measured. Finally, oxic phenol adsorption isotherms were assessed in batch conditions at 25, 125 and 160 °C. In order to use the conversion data obtained from the TBR for a kinetic study, special care was taken to check the kinetic control in the TBR experiments. Several kinetic models including power law or Langmuir–Hinshelwood expressions were considered to describe the catalytic oxidation of phenol over active carbon. The simple power law model with first order dependence on both phenol and oxygen concentration predicted satisfactorily the experimental data not only over the entire range of operating conditions studied, but also outside its validity range. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
73.
16Mn连涛坯进行控轧时,按铸坯碳当量的上限和下限,分别采用两种不同的控轧制度。在邯钢中板分厂试轧的结果,轧材合格率均达到96%以上,投产后轧材合格率达到98%以上。 相似文献
74.
The electrochemical properties of an electrochemical double-layer capacitor electrode based on an ultra-long (500 μm), aligned, carbon nanotube array (ACNTA) in Et4NPF6/propylene carbonate electrolyte are examined. The specific capacitance of the ACNTA electrode in an organic electrolyte is 24.5 F g−1, which is larger than that obtained in an aqueous electrolyte. The results of ac impedance measurements show that the ACNTA electrode gives a high power density and an excellent rate capability in an organic electrolyte. It is shown that the ACNTA electrode has a lower equivalent series resistance and a better rate capability than activated carbon electrode. This is due to the fact that ACNTA possesses a larger pore size and a more a regular pore structure. Both these features are conformed by scanning electron microscopic and nitrogen gas adsorption studies. 相似文献
75.
95W-Ni-Fe 合金工艺缺陷的 SAM 和 XPS 分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
齐芸馨 《兵器材料科学与工程》1997,20(5):36-40
藉助扫描俄歇探针、X射线光电子谱等分析了95W-Ni-Fe合金碳污染和氧化的本质。发现,碳污染试样中碳的化学状态主要为石墨,少量为铁或镍的有机化合物,这些物质的界面富集使材料脆化。钨合金氧化后,氧大量富集于钨/粘结相界面,使沿着该界面的断裂更容易发生。 相似文献
76.
用浸渍法制备了一系列氧化锆担载的含稀土Ⅷ族金属催化剂,对其在二氧化碳甲烷化过程中的催化活性作了研究,并用漫反射紫外可见光谱,FTIR等手段对催化剂作了表征。结果表明,含稀土新型催化剂具有催化活性高,目标产物选择性好等优点;稀土主要以氧化物形式存在于催化剂表面,参与对氢及表面含碳物种的吸附及活化;含稀土三组份催化剂的活性与所添加稀土三价离子的4f电子数有关。 相似文献
77.
真空阴极弧离子镀类金刚石碳(DLC)膜的碳弧稳定性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选用氩气、氩气加氢气、氩气加乙炔等气体作为介质,石墨作为靶材进行真空阴极弧离子镀来制备类金刚石碳膜。石墨电弧有其独特的电弧特性曲线,不同气体介质对碳弧特性的影响不同,磁场的大小对电弧的稳定性有很大作用,碳弧下基片偏流随电弧电压的增加而减小,试验得到表面光滑的类金刚石碳(DLC)膜,对膜的表面进行了SEM分析。 相似文献
78.
氯化氢浸渍活性炭净化汞蒸气的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用氯化氢对吸附汞热气用的活性炭进行浸渍处理是一种新的偿试。用氯化氢浸渍后的活性炭,对汞的吸附效率和吸附容量与没有浸渍的活性炭相比,均有很大的提高,同时,与其它吸附汞用的浸渍剂相比,具有价格低,来源广的优点,对汞的吸附效率平均在95%以上。 相似文献
79.
中国南海北部二氧化碳气成因 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
中国南海北部海域在油气勘探中发现了CO_2气,对油气有无影响?在借鉴世界、中国东部陆地CO_2气成因研究成果的基础上,从分析研究区CO_2,气的分布入手,采用多种方法,在综合分析基础上,对本区CO_2气藏进行分类.认为研究区CO_2;气藏为无机成因,其特征受各盆地或地区具体地质条件的控制.哈萨克斯坦引起了国际石油界的很大关注,但它并不是前苏联唯一的具吸引力之地.美国地质调查调查所(丹佛)和AAPG今年著名讲演者Gregory F Ulmishek说.前苏联有20多个沉积盆地生产油气或具有尚未开采的发现.Ulmishek 1980年到美国前,获得过莫斯科石油学院地质学硕士学位,作为一个地质学家在前苏联工作过23年.他的1993—1994年题为“前苏联主要油气地质学及勘探潜力”的著名演讲在1993年12月6日至17日和1994年3月28日至4月8日的巡回活动中推出. 相似文献
80.
Peng Dangcong Jin Qiting 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1993,58(1):89-93
The anaerobic digestion of alkaline black liquor from a cereal straw pulping mill was studied in batch (serum bottles) and continuous systems (up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor—UASB). The batch digestion studies confirmed that lignin and related compounds (LRC) in the alkaline black liquor were the main inhibitory substances and could not be decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. At organic loading rates of 5–10 kg COD m?3 day?1, the UASB reactor achieved 50–60% COD removal efficiencies. Gas production was 2–3 dm3 per dm3 of alkaline black liquor. Two different sludge types were examined in the reactor: granular and cluster-like sludges. Sludge in a cluster, which involved many small granules and flocs, tended to form larger aggregates and possessed good settling ability. 相似文献