New, low-cost, high-power poly(o-anisidine-co-metanilic acid)/activated carbon electrode for electrochemical supercapacitors

A poly(o-anisidine-co-metanilic acid)/activated carbon composite is evaluated as an active material for electrochemical supercapacitors. Poly(o-anisidine-co-metanilic acid) (PASM) is potentiodynamically deposited on an activated carbon (AC)-coated stainless-steel substrate, in a supporting electrolyte of 1.0 M H₂SO₄ containing dissolved o-anisidine and metanilic acid, at a sweep rate of 50 mV s⁻¹. Scanning electron micrographs show a uniformly deposited, thick PASM film on the activated carbon. Electrochemical techniques, such as impedance analysis, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic experiments, are carried out to investigate the suitability of the PASM/AC electrode for supercapacitor applications. A maximum specific capacitance of 576 F g⁻¹ is obtained for PASM/AC at a 5 mA cm⁻² current density.     

Carbothermal treatment for the improved discharge performance of primary Li/CFx battery

Carbothermal treatment was used to improve the discharge rate performance of primary lithium/carbon monofluoride (Li/CF_x with x = 1) batteries. The treatment was carried out by heating a mixture of CF_x and carbon black (CB) just below the decomposition temperature of CF_x under nitrogen for 2 h. In the treatment, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (Kynar) was used as a fluorinated polymer binder to press the CF_x/CB mixture into pellets. It was shown that the content of Kynar significantly affected the discharge performance of the resulting treated-CF_x (T-CF_x). This can be attributed to the catalytic effect of HF formed by the pyrolysis of Kynar on the decomposition of CF_x and on the reaction of CB with the volatile fluorocarbons formed by the decomposition of CF_x. The discharge performance of T-CF_x cathode was also affected by the temperature of carbothermal treatment and by the ratio of CF_x to CB. In this work the best result was obtained from a treatment conducted at 470 °C on a 87CF_x/10CB/3Kynar (by weight) mixture. In the discharge condition of C/5 and 20 °C, the Li/CF_x cell with such-obtained T-CF_x cathode showed about 95 mV higher voltage than the control cell while retaining nearly the same specific capacity. Impedance analyses indicate that the improved discharge performance is mainly attributed to a reduction in the cell reaction resistance (R_cr) that includes an ohmic resistance related to the ionic conductivity of the discharge product shell and a Faradic resistance related to the processes of charge-transfer and Li⁺ ion diffusion in the CF_x reaction zone.     

气相纯化处理对碳纳米管修饰的XANES和XPS谱学研究

结合X射线近边吸收谱和光电子能谱对经过一系列纯化过程处理后的单壁碳纳米管进行系统的表征.这些纯化过程包括空气氧化、盐酸浸泡以及退火处理.从实验结果发现单壁碳纳米管的表面修饰程度在纯化过程中逐渐增强,经过Ar气保护下的高温退火后,这些表面修饰明显减少.同时还发现单壁碳纳米管能与氯原子成键,这种简单的修饰方法可能对单壁碳纳米管的应用具有重要意义.     

低碳贝氏体高强钢探伤不合原因分析

通过金相、原位分析、扫描电镜、能谱等分析测试手段对低碳贝氏体（LCB）高强钢在探伤（NDT）中出现的分层进行了分析。研究结果表明：引起分层的主要因素是MnS夹杂,C偏析导致的心部异常组织和Nb、Ti的碳化物夹杂也加剧了分层倾向。通过系列的工艺整改措施,钢板分层情况大大降低,探伤合格率提高30％以上。     

高碳盘条力学性能不合原因分析

借助金相检验、化学分析和扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪分析了高碳盘条力学性能不合格的原因.分析结果表明.高碳盘条抗拉强度不合格的主要原因是控轧控冷时造成的索氏体比例较小,中心偏析造成的网状碳化物和马氏体、夹杂物的大小对抗拉强度的影响并不显著.     

红土镍矿直接还原富集镍工艺研究

为了解决低品位红土镍矿的合理回收利用问题,试验研究了以活性炭粉为还原剂、A物质为添加剂,采用直接还原法将矿石中的镍还原为金属镍,经磁选工艺使金属镍在磁性物质中得到富集。试验过程中,考察了还原温度、还原时间、添加剂用量、配炭量对镍回收率的影响。通过试验得到红土镍矿加炭还原的最佳工艺条件为：还原温度1320℃、还原时间120min、添加剂用量5％、配炭量为4％。在该条件下,镍的回收率可达95．44％。     

模铸低碳复合保护渣的开发与应用

本文针对钢锭浇铸时使用中高碳保护渣对钢锭表面增碳的影响,对钢锭进行解剖,研究钢锭中C偏析的情况,证实保护渣增碳是造成钢锭大幅度增碳的主要原因,进而开发低碳复合保护渣。结果表明,使用中高碳保护渣钢锭表面增碳明显,采用开发的低碳复合保护渣能达到降低钢锭表面增碳的效果,从而提升钢锭的轧板质量。     

高碳钢82B精炼过程中的氮控制

对2008年8月份高碳钢82B两种不同精炼工艺路线的氮含量进行分析,调查各精炼工序氮的变化原因,并采取相应的改进措施,从而在9月份的氮控制上获得比较明显的效果。     

无碳碱性中间包覆盖剂保温性能的研究

采用测量单向炉补偿功率的方法对影响无碳碱性中间包覆盖剂保温性能的各种原料进行分析,通过调整覆盖剂的化学成分、提高其熔化温度、降低体积密度,以达到更好的保温效果,满足实际生产需求。     

连续冷却过程中低碳钢奥氏体→铁素体相变的元胞自动机模拟

采用低碳钢连续冷却过程中奥氏体→铁素体相变的元胞自动机模型,模拟了铁素体晶粒形核与生长的全过程,模型中考虑了溶质扩散在相变过程中的作用。在元胞自动机的网格内,晶粒的形核与生长用两个概率的变化来描述它们之间在相变过程中的相互竞争关系,给出了形核与生长的元胞自动机规则。总结了元胞自动机方法解决铁索体晶粒形核与生长问题的过程,并在该模型的基础上分析了冷却速率等因素对于晶粒形核与生长的影响。