南极冰鱼外裹糊鱼块在冻藏过程中品质变化

以南极冰鱼为原料,经预处理后制得外裹糊鱼块,研究其冻藏过程中品质变化及货架期,以菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)值、pH值、色泽及感官评价等为评价指标。结果表明:随着冻藏时间的延长,南极冰鱼外裹糊鱼块的菌落总数呈先下降后上升趋势,TVB-N含量、TBA值和pH值均呈上升趋势,色泽亮度值L*、白度值以及感官评分均呈下降趋势,其冻藏货架期为6个月,超过6个月时,其品质严重下降,达到不可食用阶段。     

野生猕猴桃干酒酿造工艺研究

以神农架野生猕猴桃为原料,研究猕猴桃干酒发酵工艺。通过单因素试验和响应面分析法,对发酵工艺进行优化。结果表明,猕猴桃干酒发酵最佳工艺参数为果胶酶用量80mg/L,SO2添加量为72mg/L,发酵基质初始pH3.5,活性干酵母接种量300mg/L,发酵温度25℃。该工艺酿造的野生猕猴桃干酒口感丰满,香气协调,维生素C含量高。     

红鱼重组香肠的加工工艺

实验采用复合酶制剂处理美国红鱼,红鱼肉中的蛋白质及各种营养成分的价值都得到了提高,通过优化实验工艺条件,确定了红鱼重组香肠加工生产的最佳加工工艺条件。     

干型山葡萄酒酿造试验

用广西都安野生毛葡萄与西北农大提供的优质野葡萄品系（西农2号）进行嫁接，用该嫁接品种进行干型山葡萄酒酿造试验，产品质量达到中档水平，但有微咸味，酒中总酸实际中降至7．8g/L，与理论降酸量7．0g/L尚有差距，有待探索。     

野生葡萄及其F1代副梢遗传规律的研究

对西北农林科技大学野生葡萄种植资源圃61类野生葡萄连续3年调查,结果表明,野生葡萄副梢性状类型分布广泛,副梢长度和形成率变异均不服从正态分布,表现出质量性状特征.主梢长度和副梢长度表现为极显著正相关(R=0.6271,P＜0.0001).以长副梢、短副梢葡萄种类进行杂交的燕山×河岸为例,F1代副梢形成率呈连续性变异,表现出数量性状遗传特征;副梢长度变异不服从正态分布,表现出质量性状遗传特征.说明中国野生葡萄和美洲种葡萄在副梢长度和形成率遗传方面存在差异.     

四种特色鱼的加工技术

为增加特色鱼制品的品种,介绍了4种特色鱼的加工方法.熏鱼是将草鱼、鲤鱼和鲫鱼等处理、开片、切块后,经浸渍、油炸和调味而制成,产品呈酱褐色,软硬适度,香味浓郁,味美可口.酒糟鱼是将优质的青鱼、草鱼或鲤鱼等处理后,经盐渍、日晒、装坛和封坛等工艺制成的,产品色泽红润,香味独特,肉质较硬.鱼丝是将优质鲜鱼处理后,经剖片、采肉、绞肉、加配料、切丝及干燥等工艺制成,味美可口,食用方便,营养丰富.五香烤鱼是以小杂鱼、虾和低值鱼为原料,经调味、烘烤而制成,产品香酥鲜美,营养丰富.     

鱼肉面条的研制

本文研究了以皮氏叫姑鱼，淀粉和面粉为主要原料，制作速冻鱼肉面条的工艺。鱼肉面条最佳配比为鱼肉69．58％，玉米淀粉16.78％，AA－2粉8.39％，藻酸钠0.1％，小苏打0．05％,味精1.0％，鸡蛋清4．0％，生姜粉0．1％。鱼肉面条中蛋白质占25．39％，脂肪0．27％，盐分1．31％，水分55．09％。     

鱼皮胶原蛋白在蛋黄酱加工应用中的初步研究

通过正交实验确定了鱼皮胶原蛋白作为乳化剂在蛋黄酱生产中加入的最佳配方,配方为鱼皮胶原蛋白3%,蛋黄15%,醋酸0.3%,水10%。研究结果表明,鱼皮胶原蛋白代替部分蛋黄,起到一定的乳化效果,同时还能增加蛋白质的含量。     

Effect of supplementation with calcium salts of fish oil on n-3 fatty acids in milk fat

Enrichment of milk fat with n-3 fatty acids, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may be advantageous because of their beneficial effects on human health. In addition, these fatty acids play an important role in reproductive processes in dairy cows. Our objective was to evaluate the protection of EPA and DHA against rumen biohydrogenation provided by Ca salts of fish oil. Four Holstein cows were assigned in a Latin square design to the following treatments: 1) ruminal infusion of Ca salts of fish oil and palm fatty acid distillate low dose (CaFO-1), 2) ruminal infusion of Ca salts of fish oil and palm fatty acid distillate high dose (CaFO-2), 3) ruminal infusion of fish oil high dose (RFO), and 4) abomasal infusion of fish oil high dose (AFO). The high dose of fish oil provided ∼16 and ∼21 g/d of EPA and DHA, respectively, whereas the low dose (CaFO-1) provided 50% of these amounts. A 10-d pretreatment period was used as a baseline, followed by 9-d treatment periods with interceding intervals of 10 d. Supplements were infused every 6 h, milk samples were taken the last 3 d, and plasma samples were collected the last day of baseline and treatment periods. Milk fat content of EPA and DHA were 5 to 6 times greater with AFO, but did not differ among other treatments. Milk and milk protein yield were unaffected by treatment, but milk fat yield and DM intake were reduced by 20 and 15%, respectively, by RFO. Overall, results indicate rumen biohydrogenation of long chain n-3 fatty acids was extensive, averaging >85% for EPA and >75% for DHA for the Ca salts and unprotected fish oil supplements. Thus, Ca salts of fish oil offered no protection against the biohydrogenation of EPA and DHA beyond that observed with unprotected fish oil; however, the Ca salts did provide rumen inertness by preventing the negative effects on DM intake and milk fat yield observed with unprotected fish oil.     

Effects of feeding fish meal and n-3 fatty acids on milk yield and metabolic responses in early lactating dairy cows

The study was designed to test the effects of feeding fish meal (FM) and specific n-3 fatty acids on milk yield and composition, dry matter intake, plasma concentrations of metabolic hormones and metabolites, and liver triglyceride accumulation in early lactating cows. From 5 to 50 d in milk (DIM), cows were fed diets that were isonitrogenous, isoenergetic, and isolipidic containing none (control), 1.25, 2.5, or 5% menhaden FM or 2.3% Ca salts of fish oil fatty acids (CaFOFA). Milk yield (48.2, 49.8, 48.6, 53.5, and 52.2 ± 1.0 kg/d, respectively) and dry matter intake (22.7, 22.8, 23.0, 23.8, and 24.7 ± 0.5 kg/d, respectively) differed among diets. Average daily plasma glucose concentration (53.4, 55.3, 51.1, 57.6, and 57.3 ± 1.3 mg/dL, respectively) was also affected by diet, and plasma insulin concentration was increased by 5% FM and 2.3% Ca-FOFA. At 25 and 50 DIM, blood was collected before feeding and hourly for 11 h after feeding. Plasma glucose concentrations in cows during the day were similar among diets at 25 DIM, but differed at 50 DIM (54.6, 54.4, 52.4, 60.5, and 58.3 ± 1.4 mg/dL for 0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5% FM or 2.3% CaFOFA, respectively). Plasma insulin was increased in cows fed 5% FM and 2.3% CaFOFA at 25 DIM and was similar among diets at 50 DIM. Dietary treatments had no significant effect on milk composition, energy balance, or on daily plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and urea. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase and hepatic triglyceride concentration in cows did not differ among diets at 21 DIM. Results from this experiment demonstrate that dietary supplementation with FM or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in early lactating dairy cows significantly increased milk yield and DMI with no change in milk composition.