高寒地区水电工程冬季开挖施工特点与注意事项——以新疆某水电站工程为例

新疆地区冬季严寒,有效施工期短,但为了次年度汛需要,有时仍难以避免冬季施工。介绍了北疆某大型水电站冬季开挖施工情况。首先明确了当地冬季气侯情况及开挖所面临的岩层地质条件,对风站保温、施工机构设备保养、人员保障、道路维护等作了详细介绍。经过充分准备,顺利完成了大坝趾板开挖施工,为次年安全度汛打下了基础。     

分缝分块对金安桥大坝混凝土温度应力的影响分析

金安桥碾压混凝土重力坝最大坝高160 m,顺流向最大长度156 m。通过对坝体混凝土通仓浇筑和横缝间距对温度应力的影响分析,确定大坝混凝土采用通仓浇筑,同时为控制和减少温度应力引起的劈头裂缝,在坝体上游面设置短缝。     

小浪底水电站水轮发电机组原型效率试验

介绍了小浪底水电站1号机组现场效率试验的方案、试验参数测量方法,通过压力—时间法对蜗壳压差流量系数进行了率定,得到了水轮机绝对流量,实现了现场绝对效率的测量。实测得到的效率曲线和模型换算得到的效率曲线一致性较好,说明实测效率曲线的分布趋势真实反映了水轮机的能量特性。     

闸下海漫柔性加糙体消能防冲机理试验

通过室内水工模型试验,量测了采用废旧轮胎加糙后三维流速的分布。结果表明:加糙后近底流速明显降低,但整个断面的平均流速近似相等;随着轮胎排数的增加,水流紊流强度平均值增大,附加切应力增大,流体质点间相互混掺的情况加剧,从而使消能效率得以提高。     

利用曲率信息的图像分割改进模型

首先从理论上分析无须重新初始化的水平集方法的主动轮廓图像分割模型,该模型对一些具有不光滑尖角的图像进行分割时,捕捉这些尖角往往不精确甚至失败;然后对利用边缘检测函数的曲率信息识别出凸尖角并进行分割的方法进行研究,由于此方法没有考虑凹尖角的情形,故对含凹尖角的图像分割效果不理想。为解决该问题,提出利用图像的曲率信息识别出凹尖角,再将其与利用边缘检测函数曲率信息识别凸尖角的方法相结合,进一步修正边缘检测函数,达到准确捕捉物体的凸尖角和凹尖角的目的,保证了分割的准确性。数值实验表明,该方法的分割效果较好。     

方位向时变非均匀采样的合成孔径声纳成像

采用多接收阵技术能够使合成孔径声纳的测绘速率和测绘带同时得到提高,但带来了方位向非均匀采样以及不满足停走停假设的问题.本文建立了高测绘速率、宽测绘带条件下不做停走停近似的多接收阵合成孔径声纳信号模型,采用频域方法对合成孔径声纳时变的非均匀方位向信号进行了重构,并导出了重构方法的快速算法.重构方法解决了高测绘速率、宽测绘带条件下的偏移及散焦问题.仿真和实验验证了该方法的可行性.     

Introducing realistic tire–pavement contact stresses into Pavement Analysis using Nonlinear Damage Approach (PANDA)

Realistic tire–pavement interface contact areas and stresses were incorporated into the Pavement Analysis using Nonlinear Damage Approach (PANDA) user interface (PUI). PANDA is a software library developed to simulate the complex thermo-viscoelastic–viscoplastic–viscodamage responses of the pavement to mechanical and environmental loads. The PUI is an interface generating a finite element representation of the pavement within PANDA. The application of realistic tire loading is necessary to calculate accurate pavement responses. The PUI incorporates a database of tire contact areas and stresses obtained from tire finite element simulations. The database includes tire interface characteristics with pavements for various applied loads, tire inflation pressures, vehicle speeds and scenarios of different rolling simulations. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect of simulations of tire contact stresses that match field measurements on viscoelastic and viscoplastic pavement responses. Pavement responses are greatly affected using realistic tire loading contact stresses and contact geometry as compared to simplified contact models. The impact on rutting and damage predictions cannot be ignored if reliable projections of pavement performance are to be made. This study confirms the importance of considering realistic three-dimensional contact stresses to design and analyse pavements.     

对无临近点信息干涉条纹的参数估计

用广义radon变换可以从运动目标产生的干涉条纹中估计出目标的运动参数和波导不变量。但是当干涉条纹中没有出现临近点时,用此方法估计不出真实值。为了解决此问题,提出了一种新的估计方法。主要过程是先从时频图中提取出干涉条纹轨迹,再去搜索与此轨迹误差最小的最优曲线,此曲线的参数值代表目标的运动参数和波导不变量。仿真和海试结果表明,在干涉条纹无临近点信息情况下,用广义radon变换估计的参数值与真实值偏差很大,但是文中提出的方法仍能估计出较准确的结果。     

A simple spatial integration scheme for solving Cauchy problems of non-linear evolution equations

In this study, we address a new and simple non-iterative method to solve Cauchy problems of non-linear evolution equations without initial data. To start with, these ill-posed problems are analysed by utilizing a semi-discretization numerical scheme. Then, the resulting ordinary differential equations at the discretized times are numerically integrated towards the spatial direction by the group-preserving scheme (GPS). After that, we apply a two-stage GPS to integrate the semi-discretized equations. We reveal that the accuracy and stability of the new approach is very good from several numerical experiments even under a large random noisy effect and a very large time span.     

轮胎静特性试验台的标定

提出了轮胎静特性试验台的标定方法,导出了标定系数的计算表达式,给出了滑台转角调零的方法。