Preparation of HDPE/SEBS‐g‐MAH and its effect on mechanical properties of HDPE/wood flour composites

In this article, high density polyethylene/styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene block copolymer blends (HDPE/SEBS) grafted by maleic anhydride (HDPE/SEBS‐g‐MAH), which is an effective compatibilizer for HDPE/wood flour composites was prepared by means of torque rheometer with different contents of maleic anhydride (MAH). The experimental results indicated that MAH indeed grafted on HDPE/SEBS by FTIR analysis and the torque increased with increasing the content of maleic anhydride and dicumyl peroxide (DCP). Styrene may increase the graft reaction rate of MAH and HDPE/SEBS. When HDPE/SEBS MAH was added to HDPE/wood flour composites, tensile strength and flexural strength of composites can reach 25.9 and 34.8 MPa in comparison of 16.5 and 23.8 MPa (without HDPE/SEBS‐g‐MAH), increasing by 157 and 146%, respectively. Due to incorporation of thermoplastic elastomer in HDPE/SEBS‐g‐MAH, the Notched Izod impact strength reached 5.08 kJ m^?2, increasing by 145% in comparison of system without compatibilizer. That HDPE/SEBS‐g‐MAH improved the compatibility was also conformed by dynamic mechanical measurement. Scanning electron micrographs provided evidence for strong adhesion between wood flour and HDPE matrix with addition of HDPE/SEBS‐g‐MAH. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Adsorption of Cr(III), Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II) ions onto phenolated wood resin

In this study, phenolated wood resin was used an adsorbent for the removal of Cr(III), Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II) ions by adsorption from aqueous solution. The adsorption of metal ions from solution was carried at different contact times, concentrations and pHs at room temperature (25°C). For individual metal ion, the amount of metal ions adsorbed per unit weight of phenolated wood resin at equilibrium time increased with increasing concentration and pH. Also, when the amounts of metal ions adsorbed are compared to each other, it was seen that this increase was order of Cr(III) > Ni(II) > Zn(II) > Co(II). This increase was order of Cr(III) > Ni(II) > Co(II) > Zn(II) for commercial phenol–formaldehyde resin. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process obeyed the intraparticle diffusion model. It was also determined that adsorption isotherm followed Langmuir and Freundlich models. Adsorption isotherm obtained for commercial phenol–formaldehyde resin was consistent with Freundlich model well. Adsorption capacities from Langmuir isotherm for commercial phenol–formaldehyde resin were higher than those of phenolated wood resin, in the case of individual metal ions. Original adsorption isotherm demonstrated the monolayer coverage of the surface of phenolated wood resin. Adsorption kinetic followed the intraparticle diffusion model. The positive values of ΔG° determined using the equilibrium constants showed that the adsorption was not of spontaneous nature. It was seen that values of distribution coefficient (K_D) decreasing with metal ion concentration in solution at equilibrium (C_e) indicated that the occupation of active surface sites of adsorbent increased with metal ions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2838–2846, 2006     

木粉／低密度聚乙烯复合材料的发泡研究

用模压法制备木粉／低密度聚乙烯发泡材料。通过差示量热扫描分析,考察了纯偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)及与 ZnO共混物、纯NaHCO3及与柠檬酸(L)共混物的热分解特性,探讨了发泡剂AC、NaHCO3、柠檬酸、交联剂过氧化二异丙苯等对材料力学性能的影响,并在扫描电镜下观察了材料断面的微观形态。结果表明:采用放热发泡剂和复合发泡剂都能使复合材料密度下降20％左右,发泡后材料的冲击性能为发泡前体系的1．5倍左右;复合发泡剂的发泡效果优于单放热发泡剂的效果。     

电子剪切散斑技术在木材无损检测中的应用

复合板材及木制品等表面或内部的缺陷对材料性能有很大影响,如何快速准确地对其进行无损检测,并判断缺陷的位置大小是很有意义的.针对松木板试件,通过预置表面和内部隐藏缺陷来近似模拟实际缺陷情况,提出一种基于剪切散斑干涉技术的木材无损检测技术新方法,实现了对松木试件的无损检测.在表面缺陷的检测中讨论了剪切量对结果的影响,利用像素标定的方法,得到直径为6、5、3mm的缺陷信息;在内部隐藏缺陷检测中,借助热加载技术同时引入相移技术使剪切散斑检测技术不仅具有非接触、全场实时检测等特点,而且完成对内部隐藏近表面缺陷的定量无损检测.整个检测过程光路简单,实时快速,实验结果与实际情况符合较好.     

CO2 gasification of wood charcoals derived from vacuum and atmospheric pyrolysis

The gasification of biomass derived char obtained via vacuum and atmospheric pyrolysis of Populus tremuloides has been studied in the ranges of 725–960°C and 0.1 to 6 MPa. CO₂ was used as the oxidizing gas. The results show that char reactivity is influenced by the preheating rates and that pressure effects are significant between 850°C and 950°C. A correlation based on the expression: df/dt = k₀{exp(-E/RT)}(1 - f)^af^βP^yCO₂ was used to fit the experimental data. In general, vacuum pyrolysis derived char showed a higher reactivity than atmospheric pyrolysis chars. An explanation based on a higher oxygen content of the vacuum pyrolysis char is suggested.     

The use of wood pulp and radiation‐modified starch in wastewater treatment

Radiation‐induced graft copolymerization of maize starch/acrylic acid has been performed. Also, natural byproduct wood pulp was used after chemical treatment for the removal of metal ions from the investigated wastewater. The surface and structure morphology of the wood pulp and starch/acrylic acid were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The physical parameters, such as swelling, gel percentage, and grafting efficiency (%) of starch/acrylic acid copolymer, were studied. The factors affecting the abilities of the prepared materials for removing heavy metal ions and dyes from aqueous solutions were studied. It was found that the maximum metal uptake is in the following sequence: Fe³⁺ > Cr³⁺ > Pb²⁺ > Cd²⁺. The adsorption capacity of such investigated metal ions increases with the increase of pH values. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006     

多孔介质微波加热厚度的确定

简述了微波加热的机理，以湿木材为研究对象，通过理论计算确定了微波在木材中的穿透深度。计算表明：随着木材含水率和微波工作频率的增加，微波在木材中的穿透深度减小；当用频率为915MHz和2450MHz的微波加热或干燥具有高含水率的多孔介质时，多孔介质的最大厚度应分别控制在16cm和6cm以内。     

木桁架搁栅楼盖振动性能研究

为了深刻理解木桁架搁栅楼盖振动性能与居住者感受之间的关系,对木桁架搁栅楼盖振动性能进行了试验研究和主观评价。研究发现木桁架搁栅楼盖的基本自振频率、静态挠度和振动加速度等指标与居住者的感受有密切关系;通过在木桁架搁栅楼盖中增加横撑和板条撑等加强附件能显著改善了其振动性能;建议木楼盖减振设计体系中将静态挠度和基本自振频率作为设计指标,而评价体系中除静态挠度和基本自振频率外增加峰值加速度这一评价指标。     

夯筑土遗址中基于PS-(F+C)浆液的木锚杆锚固性能

基于室内物理模型试验和原位锚固试验,对基于PS-(F+C)（高模数硅酸钾溶液-（粉煤灰+粉土））浆液的木锚杆锚固系统在夯土介质中进行了拉拔测试与杆体-浆体界面应变监测,研究了该锚固系统的锚固性能与破坏模式、杆体-浆体界面剪应力分布与传递特征。试验结果表明该锚固系统室内试验极限锚固力（24KN~33.49KN）远大于现场试验值（2.54KN~8KN）;锚固系统具有低弹性强塑性的特征,表现出极强的延性;在荷载进程中杆体-浆体界面的应力分布与传递特征具有多峰值分布、高值往往出现在锚固末端、压应力出现等特征,表明本锚固系统兼有拉力型和压力型全长黏结性锚固系统的特点。该系统适合于夯筑土遗址锚固,与遗址具有良好的物理力学兼容性。     

Polyethylenimine-modified sugarcane bagasse cellulose as an effective adsorbent for removing Cu(II) from aqueous solution

Polyethylenimine-modified sugarcane bagasse cellulose (SBCMP), as a new adsorbent, was synthesized by the reaction of polyethylenimine (PEI) with sugarcane bagasse cellulose and glutaraldehyde. The adsorption of Cu(II) by SBCMP was pH-dependent, and the higher removal efficiency of Cu(II) appeared in the range of pH 3.0–6.0. The adsorption isothermal data fitted well with the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of SBCMP was up to 107.5 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic. The adsorption of Cu(II) by SBCMP was unfavorable at high temperatures, and thermodynamic analyses implied that the adsorption of Cu(II) by SBCMP was an exothermic reaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that Cu(II) adsorption on SBCMP mainly controlled by the nitrogen atoms of  NH group in PEI. The results of regeneration cycles showed that SBCMP was suitable for reuse in the adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. These experimental results suggested that SBCMP is expected to be a new biomass adsorbent with high efficiency in removing Cu(II) from wastewater.