基于事件类型的网络协议建模

提出了基于事件类型的网络协议建模方法,并在模型的基础上对协议进行检测实验.协议的模型检查实验中最重要的是状态模型的描述,其决定了检测结果的精确性和有效性.事件类型的状态描述方法是通过外部事件和内部事件建立一个完整有效的状态层次模型,模型检查算法对建立的状态模型进行检测,最终得到性质检测结果.本文通过对WEP协议和四次握手协议进行事件类型的建模分析证明了状态层次方法有利于网络协议的建模与检测.     

基于小波变换的番茄缺素识别研究

在利用计算机视觉技术进行番茄缺素识别研究中,提出利用多分辨率小波分析算法提取番茄叶片的G体特征。结果表明：小波变换各分解子图的均值,方差,熵可区分正常与缺氮叶片;随着叶片含氮量的减少,小波分解子图各特征值随之变大。为利用特征值的范围,诊断叶片的缺素程度提供了技术支持。     

Reference Range Estimation: Accounting for Measurement System Errors

Reference range is a statistic that is used in health related fields to represent the range of the most likely values for a variable of interest. Based on this range, individuals are classified as being healthy or unhealthy. In biostatistics, the reference range is calculated as the (1 ? α)% prediction interval, where this prediction interval is based on the estimated population variance from the data. Such estimation of population variance is not precise, because obtained test results do usually have errors associated with them. These errors are due to the imprecise test procedure or gauge used. In this paper, the total variability in the data is decomposed into two categories. The first is the patient‐to‐patient variability and the other is the variability due to the measurement system used. Estimation of the two kinds is performed through a gauge repeatability and reproducibility study, then the reference range is calculated, taking into account only the patient‐to‐patient variability. The revised reference range procedure is illustrated through a case study of vitamin B12 test results. A closed form formula is given to calculate the probability of a given test result being within the revised reference range. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Color discrimination enhancement for dichromats using self-organizing color transformation

Color deficient persons, especially dichromats, have difficulty in discriminating certain kinds of colors. To help dichromats discriminate colors better, a color transformation method is proposed. The method utilizes the redundancy of color information, changing the colors of a scene into discernable ones for dichromats. The self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm is used to build a nonlinear color map, maintaining the neighboring relations between colors. Results of both subjective observation and quantitative evaluation show that the method can effectively enhance the color discrimination for dichromats. This study provides a new approach to rectify color vision deficiency.     

盘锦、营口地区水稻综合缺素症发生原因分析

对辽宁省盘锦、营口地区2001～2002年水稻综合缺素症进行的研究结果表明，该地区发生缺素症不同于以往描述的病症现象，其发病期在每年的6～7月份。主要症状为初期水稻抽出叶中段出现黄化斑，个别发展到叶间和叶基部。为了进一步弄清水稻缺素症发生原因，2001年进行田间试验和2002年进行水培试验。在田间试验中，对该地区水稻的土样、水样、植物样中的营养元素进行化学诊断。在水培试验中，对同一品种水稻进行了形态诊断。通过水培试验验证田间试验的结果，该地区主要缺乏B、Zn，其次缺Fe、Mn.缺素主要原因是6～7月份气温高，降雨少，土壤pH和HCO3^-高及全盐量增加，导致Zn、B、Mn、Fe等营养元素缺乏。     

Background music as a risk factor for distraction among young-novice drivers

There are countless beliefs about the power of music during driving. The last thing one would think about is: how safe is it to listen or sing to music? Unfortunately, collisions linked to music devices have been known for some time; adjusting the radio controls, swapping tape-cassettes and compact-discs, or searching through MP3 files, are all forms of distraction that can result in a near-crash or crash. While the decrement of vehicular performance can also occur from capacity interference to central attention, whether or not music listening is a contributing factor to distraction is relatively unknown. The current study explored the effects of driver-preferred music on driver behavior. 85 young-novice drivers completed six trips in an instrumented Learners Vehicle. The study found that all participants committed at-least 3 driver deficiencies; 27 needed a verbal warning/command and 17 required a steering or braking intervention to prevent an accident. While there were elevated positive moods and enjoyment for trips with driver-preferred music, this background also produced the most frequent severe driver miscalculations and inaccuracies, violations, and aggressive driving. However, trips with music structurally designed to generate moderate levels of perceptual complexity, improved driver behavior and increased driver safety. The study is the first within-subjects on-road high-dose double-exposure clinical-trial investigation of musical stimuli on driver behavior.     

Effect of diet on phosphine toxicity,rate of development and reproduction of the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus)

One of the loci responsible for strong phosphine resistance encodes dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD). The strong co-incidence of enzyme complexes that contain DLD, and enzymes that require thiamine as a cofactor, motivated us to test whether the thiamine deficiency of polished white rice could influence the efficacy of phosphine fumigation against insect pests of stored grain. Three strains of Sitophilus oryzae (susceptible, weak and strong resistance) were cultured on white rice (thiamine deficient), brown rice or whole wheat. As thiamine is an essential nutrient, we firstly evaluated the effect of white rice on developmental rate and fecundity and found that both were detrimentally affected by this diet. The mean time to reach adult stage for the three strains ranged from 40 to 43 days on brown rice and 50–52 days on white rice. The mean number of offspring for the three strains ranged from 7.7 to 10.3 per female over a three day period on brown rice and 2.1 to 2.6 on white rice. Growth and reproduction on wheat was similar to that on brown rice except that the strongly resistant strain showed a tendency toward reduced fecundity on wheat. The susceptible strain exhibited a modest increase in tolerance to phosphine on white rice as expected if thiamine deficiency could mimic the effect of the dld resistance mutation at the rph2 locus. The strongly resistant strain did not respond to thiamine deficiency, but this was expected as these insects are already strongly resistant. We failed, however, to observe the expected synergistic increase in resistance due to combining thiamine deficiency with the weakly resistant strain. The lack of interaction between thiamine content of the diet and the resistance genotype in determining the phosphine resistance phenotype suggests that the mode of inhibition of the complexes is a critical determinant of resistance.     

Structural Data on the Periplasmic Aldehyde Oxidoreductase PaoABC from Escherichia coli: SAXS and Preliminary X-ray Crystallography Analysis

The periplasmic aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC from Escherichia coli is a molybdenum enzyme involved in detoxification of aldehydes in the cell. It is an example of an αβγ heterotrimeric enzyme of the xanthine oxidase family of enzymes which does not dimerize via its molybdenum cofactor binding domain. In order to structurally characterize PaoABC, X-ray crystallography and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) have been carried out. The protein crystallizes in the presence of 20% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 3350 using the hanging-drop vapour diffusion method. Although crystals were initially twinned, several experiments were done to overcome twinning and lowering the crystallization temperature (293 K to 277 K) was the solution to the problem. The non-twinned crystals used to solve the structure diffract X-rays to beyond 1.80 Å and belong to the C2 space group, with cell parameters a = 109.42 Å, b = 78.08 Å, c = 151.77 Å, β = 99.77°, and one molecule in the asymmetric unit. A molecular replacement solution was found for each subunit separately, using several proteins as search models. SAXS data of PaoABC were also collected showing that, in solution, the protein is also an αβγ heterotrimer.