凝胶过滤色谱法研究酶解过程中木聚糖分子结构的变化

采用凝胶过滤色谱法研究了木聚糖在酶解过程中分子量分布的变化。结果表明,木聚糖酶对高分子量组分的木聚糖的降解能力较差,而主要降解分子量介于15000～3000之间组分的木聚糖,使得这部分木聚糖变为分子量更低的木聚糖组分。随着酶解时间的延长,酶解得率上升,酶解产物中低聚木糖含量增多,未被酶解的木聚糖的平均聚合度上升,当酶解时间超过4h时,这种变化趋势缓慢。随着酶解轮次的增加,酶解产物中可溶性木聚糖的含量越来越少,木聚糖被降解的难度越来越大。在实际生产中,用来作为低聚木糖生产的木聚糖其聚合度应在20～100之间,酶解时间以4h为宜,重复利用未水解木聚糖的轮次以2轮为宜。     

Synthesis of poly(vinyl propionate) from poly(vinyl alcohol) in nonaqueous medium using ethyl nitrate dimethyl sulfoxide as a catalyst

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) can be dissolved in a nonaqueous medium in the presence of catalytic concentration of ethyl nitrate dimethyl sulfoxide, C₂H₅ONO₂·DMSO. From the PVA solution, poly(vinyl propionate), PVPR was prepared by the homogeneous esterification of PVA with propionic acid. The ester thus formed contained some unconverted hydroxyl group. The formation of the ester was confirmed by the IR and ¹H‐NMR spectra. The molecular weight of the ester was determined by GPC and intrinsic viscosity (η) was determined by viscometric method. Glass transition temperature, T_g, was obtained from differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis. Thermal stabilities of the ester were checked by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis. The efficiency of the ester as a flow improver of crude oil was also examined. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5675–5679, 2006     

木聚糖快速热解试验研究

为了了解半纤维素的快速热解机理,研究了反应温度和载气体积流量对半纤维量的热解影响.采用木聚糖作为模化物,在红外辐射加热反应器进行快速热解试验研究.试验结果表明,木聚糖热解生成的焦油产率随温度升高而增加,达到最大值后随着温度的继续升高,焦油发生二次裂解使产率降低;焦炭产焦随着温度的升高而降低,最后趋近稳定值;气体产物主要有H2、CO、CO2、CH4以及CnHm,其产率随温度升高而增加.随着载气体积流量的降低，木聚糖热解产生的挥发分在高温区的停留时间增加，导致挥发分二次裂解加剧而使焦油产率降低，同时气体和焦碳产率相应增加.     

丙酸正丁酯绿色合成工艺中固体酸催化剂研制

针对目前酯化工艺过程中存在的环境污染问题,以丙酸正丁酯催化合成为例,对酯化过程清洁生产工艺中固体酸催化剂的制备进行了研究.制备了 SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2固体超强酸催化剂,讨论了各种制备条件对该催化剂的丙酸正丁酯合成催化活性的影响,采用 TG/DTA、FTIR、XRD 等仪器分析手段对催化剂结构进行了表征,实验结果表明,SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2固体超强酸催化剂具有很好的催化活性和选择性,且无腐蚀、反应时间短、后处理简单、重复使用性好.     

丙酸正丁酯绿色合成工艺中固体酸催化剂研制

针对目前酯化工艺过程中存在的环境污染问题，以丙酸正丁酯催化合成为例，对酯化过程清洁生产工艺中固体酸催化剂的制备进行了研究。制备了SO^2-4／TiO2固体超强酸催化剂，讨论了各种制备条件对该催化剂的丙酸正丁酯合成催化活性的影响，采用TG／DTA、FTIR、XRD等仪器分析手段对催化剂结构进行了表征，实现结果表明，SO^2-4／TiO2固体超强酸催化剂具有很好的催化活动性和选择性，且无腐蚀、反应短、后处理简单、重复使用性好。     

Real-time monitoring of hemicellulose liquefaction in ethylene glycol

Xylan was used as a model material to study the liquefaction of hemicellulose in the presence of ethylene glycol. The ReactIR^TM reaction analysis system was used to monitor the entire liquefaction process online. The results showed that xylan was decomposed and transferred to liquid phase. The gel permeation chromatography results of the liquid products showed that the weight average molecular of xylan decreased signi?cantly to around 1728 g/mol after liquefaction. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that the ethylene glycol liquefaction products from xylan include ethylene glycol and its derivatives, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, some acids and their esters.     

Impact of xylan structure and lignin–xylan association on methane production from C5-sugars

Xylan biopolymers are the dominant hemicelluloses present in agricultural plant materials which have potential use in various biotechnological processes including methane production. Hence, the effect of lignin content and the structural features of xylan on anaerobic digestion were studied by using synthetic assemblies consisting of xylans and lignin models (dehydrogenation polymers). The ramification by arabinose and uronic acid was shown to be a key factor in low methane potential (BMP) from xylans and xylan–lignin assemblies. Indeed, BMP increased when xylose content was increased, and decreased when arabinose and uronic acid contents were increased. Lignin content and molecular weight were found to be the most influential parameters on the anaerobic digestion rate. Digestion rate decreased when the lignin content and molecular mass increased.     

Enhanced crystallization of poly(lactide) stereocomplex by xylan propionate

The effect of xylan propionate (XylPr) as a novel biomass‐derived nucleating agent on the poly(lactide) sterecomplex was investigated. Addition of XylPr to an enantiomeric blend of poly(l ‐lactide) (PLLA) and poly(d ‐lactide) (PDLA) was performed in either the solution state or molten state. The solution blend of PLLA/PDLA with XylPr was prepared by mixing equal volumes of 1 wt% XylPr/PLLA and 1 wt% XylPr/PDLA solutions in chloroform and precipitating in methanol. The solution blend with XylPr showed shorter half‐time crystallization than the solution blend without XylPr in isothermal crystallization between 80 and 140 °C, although homocrystallization occurred. Enhanced stereocomplex crystallization in the solution blend with XylPr was observed at 180 °C, where no crystallization occurred in the solution blend without XylPr. Addition of XylPr to PLLA/PDLA blend in the molten state was performed at 240 °C. Thereafter, the melt blend of PLLA/PDLA with or without XylPr was either quenched in iced water or isothermally crystallized directly from the melt. Isothermal crystallization of the melt‐quenched blend with XylPr gave a similar result to the solution blend with XylPr. In contrast, the melt‐crystallized blend with XylPr formed only stereocomplex crystals after crystallization above 140 °C. Furthermore, the melt‐crystallized blend with XylPr showed a higher crystallinity index and melting temperature than the melt‐crystallized blend without XylPr. This shows that XylPr promotes stereocomplex crystallization only when the blend of PLLA/PDLA with XylPr is directly crystallized from the molten state just after blending. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

The sorption of monovalent cations onto norway spruce: Model studies using wood flour and LiCl solution

The transport of chemicals in a porous material such as wood is very complex and involves several processes: the diffusion of chemicals in the cell pores (lumen and pit pores), through the cell walls at certain conditions, and sorption of wood tissue. In the present study, batch sorption experiments were performed to examine the sorption of Li⁺ ions from an aqueous LiCl solution onto Norway spruce wood flour samples. The experimental methodology employed is suitable for differentiating the amount of ions sorbed onto the wood tissue and dissolved in the solution in wood pores. The apparent equilibrium sorption data were analyzed using two widely applied isotherm models: Langmuir and Freundlich. The results suggest that the sorption was spontaneous, and for the experimental conditions studied, probably involved several interaction types between the different functional groups of the wood and the Li⁺/Cl^? ions.     

Thermodynamic Properties of Ionic Semiclathrate Hydrate Formed with Tetrabutylammonium Propionate

The phase equilibrium temperature and dissociation heat of tetrabutylammonium propionate (TBAPr) hydrate are reported. TBAPr hydrate is a type of ionic semiclathrate hydrates and also could potentially be used as thermal energy storage material. The temperature‐composition phase diagram of the TBAPr hydrate was determined in a defined range of mass fractions. Considering the dissociation heat of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, multiple peaks of heat flow were observed in the TBAPr‐water system at the TBAPr mass fraction lower than 0.35, and there was a single peak at the mass fraction higher than 0.37.