丙酸钙处理对汉堡保鲜效果的影响

为了有效延长汉堡的保质期,在加工过程中添加质量分数2%、3%、4%的丙酸钙,分别将汉堡置于常温（20±1） ℃和低温（4±1）℃条件下贮藏,对贮藏期间的汉堡进行感官评价,并测定其酸度、比容、菌落总数、霉菌总数、大肠菌数及致病菌数。结果表明：常温和低温贮藏条件下,3%丙酸钙处理组保鲜效果最佳,能保持较好的感官品质,显著抑制贮藏期间酸度、比容上升,抑制霉菌和大肠菌数量增长,菌落总数显著降低;低温贮藏能有效延长汉堡的保质期,但贮藏后期感官品质下降较快,口感较差。     

高温蒸煮预处理甘蔗叶制备木聚糖

研究了高温蒸煮预处理甘蔗叶制备木聚糖的工艺过程,探究预浸方式、液固比、蒸煮时间、蒸煮温度4个因素对蒸煮结果的影响。研究表明:蒸煮液中总糖含量随蒸煮温度升高而增大;随蒸煮时间延长,先增大后减小;随液固比增大,先增高后降低。选用的最适工艺条件:用水将甘蔗叶在60℃下浸泡12 h,液固比是10∶1,浸泡液在126℃下密封蒸煮60 min。同时使用电子扫描显微镜分析蒸煮前后蒸煮渣的形态,表明高温蒸煮有利于木聚糖的溶出。     

Properties of an Alkaline‐Tolerant,Thermostable Xylanase from Streptomyces chartreusis L1105, Suitable for Xylooligosaccharide Production

Abstract: An extracellular xylanase was purified to homogeneity from a culture of Streptomyces chartreusis L1105 by a 2‐step method of ammonium sulfate precipitation and carboxymethyl sepharose fast‐flow chromatography (CMSFF). The xylanase was purified by 6.86‐fold, with a recovery yield of 31.96%. The purified xylanase appeared as a single protein band on SDS‐PAGE with a molecular mass of about 34.2 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH of the purified xylanase activity were 70 °C and 7.2 respectively. The xylanase was more stable under alkaline conditions and retained more than 80% activity after 30 min incubation at pH 6 to 10. It also showed specific activity towards different xylans. Hydrolysis of oat‐spelt and corn‐cob xylans by the xylanase yielded xylobiose and xylotriose as principle products without the formation of xylose. These properties indicate that the purified xylanase may potentially be useful in biotechnological applications, such as xylooligosaccharide preparation. This is the first report about the purification and characterization of a xylanase from S. chartreusis.     

植物纤维的回用品质及其衰变特性初探（Ⅱ）——植物纤维衰变原因的分析和探讨

文章从纸页的强度出发,进一步分析了植物纤维在回用过程中品质衰变的原因及其衰变程度的参数表征。     

Effects of lipid and propionic acid infusions on feed intake of lactating dairy cows

Propionic acid is more hypophagic for cows with elevated hepatic acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) concentration in the postpartum period. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the interaction of hepatic acetyl CoA concentration, which is elevated by intravenous lipid infusion, and intraruminal propionic acid infusion on feed intake and feeding behavior responses of lactating cows. Eight multiparous, ruminally cannulated, Holstein dairy cows past peak lactation were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were propionic acid (PI) infused intraruminally at 0.5 mol/h for 18 h starting 6 h before feeding and behavior monitoring or sham control (CO), and intravenous jugular infusion of lipid (LI, Intralipid 20%; Baxter US, Deerfield, IL) or saline (SI, 0.9% NaCl; Baxter US) infused at 250 mL/h for 12 h before feeding and behavior monitoring, and then 500 mL/h for 12 h after feeding. Changes in plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones and hepatic acetyl CoA from before infusion until the end of infusion were evaluated. We observed a tendency for an interaction between PI and LI for the change in plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration from the preliminary day to the end of the infusion period. Infusion of propionic acid decreased dry matter intake (DMI) 15% compared with CO, but lipid infusion did not affect DMI over the 12 h following feeding. Infusion of propionic acid tended to decrease hepatic acetyl CoA concentration from the preliminary day to the end of the infusion compared with CO, consistent with PI decreasing DMI by stimulating oxidation of acetyl CoA. Contrary to our expectations, LI did not increase concentration of NEFA or β-hydroxybutyrate in plasma, concentration of acetyl CoA in the liver, or milk fat yield, suggesting that the infused lipid was stored or oxidized by extra-hepatic tissues. As a result, we detected no interaction between PI and LI for DMI. Although the effect of PI on DMI was consistent with our previous results, this lipid infusion model using cows past peak lactation was not useful to simulate the lipolytic state of cows in the postpartum period in this experiment.     

对面包防腐剂添加方法的探讨

以丙酸钙为防腐剂代表,研究了丙酸钙混合添加、包裹添加和涂抹添加三种方式对面包防霉变效果的影响。实验结果表明,在丙酸钙混合添加、包裹添加和涂抹添加三种方式中,对面包防霉变效果影响的大小顺序为表皮涂抹、表皮包裹、混合添加。丙酸钙在面包表皮浓度越高,防霉变效果越好。     

蔗渣木聚糖-丙烯酰胺交联接枝共聚物的合成与表征

通过过硫酸铵引发丙烯酰胺与蔗渣木聚糖接枝共聚,合成了蔗渣木聚糖-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物.考察了引发剂浓度、单体用量、反应温度和反应时间对单体转化率、接枝率和接枝效率的影响.确定较佳的反应条件为:过硫酸铵物质的量浓度0.043 mol/L,m(蔗渣木聚糖):m(丙烯酰胺)=1:1,反应温度55℃,反应时间7 h.用FTIR,...     

食品级丙酸锌的合成工艺研究

以丙酸钙和硫酸锌为原料,经复分解反应合成了一种新型食品添加剂-丙酸锌。此反应的优化条件是:丙酸钙∶硫酸锌=1.16∶1,丙酸钙=1.075mol/L,硫酸锌=1.239mol/L,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为40min。丙酸锌产率可达93.6%,其各项技术指标经检测符合同类产品食品级标准要求。     

Water availability and calcium propionate affect fungal population and aflatoxins production in broiler finisher feed during storage

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of calcium propionate, water activity (a_w) and incubation time on the total fungal count and aflatoxins B₁ (AFB₁), B₂ (AFB₂), G₁ (AFG₁) and G₂ (AFG₂) production in the broiler finisher feed. The feed was added with calcium propionate (5 g kg^–1), adjusted to 0.85, 0.90 and 0.95 a_w and stored for 28 days at 25°C, analysing for mould growth and aflatoxins production every 7 days. Analysis of variance indicated that all the factors (preservative, a_w and storage time) alone and in combination significantly (p < 0.001) affected the total fungal count and aflatoxins production in the feed. Minimum total fungal counts (1.99 × 10² CFU g^–1) were observed in calcium propionate feed at 0.85 a_w on day 1 and the highest (4.36 × 10⁹ CFUs g^–1) in control sample at 0.95 a_w on day 28 of storage. During the storage period, AFB₁ content in control samples increased from 11.35 to 73.44, from 11.58 to 81.81 and from 11.54 to 102.68 ng g^–1, whereas in preserved feed the content of B₁ increased from 11.47 to 37.83, from 11.54 to 49.07 and from 11.20 to 53.14 ng g^–1 at 0.85, 0.90 and 0.95 a_w, respectively. Similar patterns were noted for AFB₂, AFG₁ and AFG₂ contents. All the aflatoxins readily increased over storage time; however, the increase was much slower in preserved feed that contained a lower amount of available water. This study reveals that calcium propionate addition to poultry litter along with water activity amelioration is an effective tool for controlling mould incidence and aflatoxin production in poultry feed.     

木聚糖的化学修饰及其衍生物的应用研究进展

在简要介绍木聚糖的结构特点及反应性的基础上,对木聚糖的醚化、酯化、氧化、交联、复合等化学修饰及其衍生物的合成研究现状、应用领域及发展趋势进行了重点评述。从合成路线、特征结构、非常规木聚糖衍生物、物理化学性质、生物活性、构效关系等方面依次对不同类型的修饰产物即木聚糖衍生物进行了分类介绍。此外,还简要叙述了木聚糖的功能化修饰如木聚糖微粒子和纳米粒子、聚合物磁性粒子的制备原理与工艺进展。指出了木聚糖及其衍生物在新领域的应用和今后的研究方向。