Effect of methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids on vapor–liquid equilibrium behavior of tert-butyl alcohol + water azeotropic mixture at 101.3 kPa

Three ionic liquids(ILs),1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromine([EMIM]Br),1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromine([BMIM]Br),and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromine([HMIM]Br),were used as the solvent for separation of {tert-butyl alcohol(TBA)+ water} azeotrope.Vapor–liquid equilibrium(VLE)data for {TBA + water + IL}ternary systems were measured at 101.3 k Pa.The results indicate that all the three ILs produce an obvious effect on the VLE behavior of {TBA + water} system and eliminate the azeotropy in the whole concentration range.[EMIM]Br is the best solvent for the separation of {TBA + water} system by extractive distillation among the three ILs.The experimental VLE data for the ternary systems are correlated with the NRTL model equation with good correlations.Explanations are given with activity coefficients of water and TBA,and the experimental VLE-temperature data for {TBA or water + IL} binary systems.     

过氧钼酸离子液体合成及催化性能

以N-甲基咪唑、氯代正辛烷、钼酸钠和过氧化氢为原料合成了3-辛基-1-甲基咪唑过氧化钼酸盐离子液体[C_8MIM]_2[Mo_2O_(11)],通过核磁氢谱、核磁碳谱、红外、元素分析对产物的结构进行表征。考察了该功能化离子液体对二苯并噻吩的催化氧化性能,通过单因素分析确定了萃取耦合催化氧化脱硫的最佳实验条件:萃取剂与模拟汽油的体积比1∶5,氧硫摩尔比6∶1,催化剂用量5 g/L模拟汽油,40℃下反应30 min。在此条件下能使起始硫含量为500μg/m L二苯并噻吩/异辛烷模拟汽油降低到10μg/m L以下,脱硫率高达98.83%。考察了该体系循环使用性能,经过16次重复使用,脱硫率仍在98.4%左右。     

A Green Synthesis of Fused Polycyclic 5H-Chromeno[3,2-c]quinoline-6,8(7H,9H)-dione Derivatives Catalyzed by TsOH in Ionic Liquids

A three-component reaction of benzaldehyde, 5,5-dimethyl-3-(arylamino)cyclohex-2-enone and 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one gave a series of 3-((4,4-dimethyl-6-oxo-2-(arylamino) cyclohex-1-en-1-yl)(aryl)methyl)-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives in ionic liquids at 80°C under catalyst-free conditions. In the presence of TsOH at 140°C, the same reaction provided an efficient method for the synthesis of 7-aryl-10,10-dimethyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-chromeno[3,2-c] quinoline-6,8(7H,9H)-dione derivatives in high yields while aromatic amine losing unexpectedly.     

Chitin Foils and Coatings Prepared from Ionic Liquids

Chitin and its deacetylated derivative, chitosan, are nontoxic, antibacterial, biodegradable, and biocompatible biopolymers. Due to these properties, they are widely used for biomedical applications such as scaffolds for tissue engineering, wound dressings, separation membranes and antibacterial coatings. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of suitable solvent systems for the direct processing of chitin, e.g., into films and coatings. Such solvents must be nontoxic, noncorrosive, nondegrading, and allow for high chitin concentrations. Here, the potential of designed ionic liquids (IL) as solvents for chitin is outlined. Phosphonium‐ and imidazolium‐based ILs are synthesized, characterized and the influence of the cation on the solution process has been evaluated. It is shown that particularly imidazolium carboxylate‐based ILs are appropriate solvents for chitin and are suitable for the production of foils and coatings on both fabrics and foams.

     

Pulsed laser ablation in liquid synthesis of ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite catalyst with enhanced photovoltaic and photocatalytic performance

In this work, we employed an impurity-free nanoparticle synthesis technique, known as pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL), to integrate titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) into zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) with varying relative proportions. The main objective of this integration was to enhance the charge carrier separation of photo-generated electron hole pairs during solar irradiation. For the synthesis process, an Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm wavelength was applied as an ablation source, along with deionized water as a solvent medium in which the precursor materials were dispersed prior to laser irradiation. The nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis absorption and in-situ Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The synthesized nanocomposites were primarily utilised in two applications: firstly, as a catalyst in the degradation of methyl orange (MO) and secondly, as photo-anode in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Our research has demonstrated that optimal performance was obtained for the nanocomposite containing 10% and 90% (by weight) TiO₂ NPs and ZnO respectively, which we define as the ideal nanocomposite. Relative to pure ZnO, the photo-conversion efficiency of the ideal composite was improved substantially by 63.73%, whilst the photo-degradation rate was enhanced by 3 fold. The oxidation state and the microstructural of the segregated ideal nanocomposite confirms that oxygen vacancy defects were created when perfect surface integration occurs between TiO₂ and ZnO. Nonetheless, we believe that the performance enhancement is predominantly due to the excellent charge carrier separation and fast interfacial electron flow in this nanocomposite.     

Controlled Synthesis of Polyions of Heavy Main-Group Elements in Ionic Liquids

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been proven to be valuable reaction media for the synthesis of inorganic materials among an abundance of other applications in different fields of chemistry. Up to now, the syntheses have remained mostly “black boxes”; and researchers have to resort to trial-and-error in order to establish a new synthetic route to a specific compound. This review comprises decisive reaction parameters and techniques for the directed synthesis of polyions of heavy main-group elements (fourth period and beyond) in ILs. Several families of compounds are presented ranging from polyhalides over carbonyl complexes and selenidostannates to homo and heteropolycations.     

Design of Phosphonated Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Grafted on γ-Alumina: Potential Model for Hybrid Membranes

Imidazolium bromide-based ionic liquids bearing phosphonyl groups on the cationic part were synthesized and grafted on γ-alumina (γ-Al₂O₃) powders. These powders were prepared as companion samples of conventional mesoporous γ-alumina membranes, in order to favor a possible transfer of the results to supported membrane materials, which could be used for CO₂ separation applications. Effective grafting was demonstrated using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), N₂ adsorption measurements, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and special attention was paid to ³¹P and ¹³C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).     

基于COSMO-RS方法筛选离子液体用于焦油脱除

焦油的脱除是生物质气化规模化应用的难题。离子液体具有饱和蒸气压低、分子结构可设计等优势,在催化和吸收领域有广泛的应用前景,但在脱除焦油方面鲜有探索。以改进的COSMO-RS方法为基础,借助COSMOtherm软件推算离子液体对苯、甲苯、苯酚和萘等焦油模拟物的无限稀释活度系数。并进一步通过偏摩尔过量焓验证以上筛选结果。结果表明,优选的两取代基咪唑类离子液体对四种焦油模拟物的无限稀释活度系数值主要分布在0.4~1之间,预计具有良好的吸收性能。当阴离子相同时,两取代基咪唑阳离子随着R₁位置烷基侧链的增长吸收性能变好,其中[C₈MIM][NTf₂]表现出了较佳性能,吸收苯、甲苯和萘的γ^∞分别为0.95、1.24和1.36,但此时离子液体黏度较大;对于苯酚体系,[BF₄]^-阴离子性能较佳。     

离子液体在金属催化剂作用下的羰基化反应中的应用

离子液体是许多有机反应的优良溶剂,能够溶解许多包括金属有机化合物在内的有机物。本文重点综述了离子液体在金属催化剂作用下的羰基化反应中的应用进展。