离子液体1,3-二丁基咪唑氯代盐的合成与纯化

采用一步法合成了离子液体1,3-二丁基咪唑氯代盐BBimCl,并用色谱柱对其进行了精细纯化;通过红外分析和核磁共振分析表明纯化过的离子液体具有较高的纯度。该方法简单、高效,对离子液体的纯化具有较好的效果。     

季铵盐离子液体的合成及表征

以三乙胺和苄氯为原料,通过中间体氯化苄基三乙胺盐([Nbz222]Cl)的阴离子交换反应合成了5种目标产物:苄基三乙胺四氟硼酸盐([Nbz222]BF4),苄基三乙胺六氟磷酸盐([Nbz222]PF6),苄基三乙胺硫酸氢盐([Nbz222]HSO4),苄基三乙胺磷酸二氢盐([Nbz222]H2PO4)和苄基三乙胺咪唑盐([Nbz222]Im),产物的结构通过FTIR、1HNMR、13CNMR、ESI-MS、元素分析得以确认。除[Nbz222]PF6之外,其余4种目标产物的熔点均低于100℃。热分析表明,目标离子液体的热稳定性顺序为:[Nbz222]HSO4>[Nbz222]BF4>[Nbz222]Im>[Nbz222]H2PO4,其中[Nbz222]HSO4具有较好的热稳定性,热分解温度在260℃左右。目标离子液体均有一定的吸水性并在极性溶剂中有较好的溶解性。     

Investigations of transformer oil characteristics

In this paper, the behavior of various critical parameters of transformer oil is interpreted with a view to enhancing its life time. Systems abnormalities such as excess loading, switching, and ambient conditions are responsible for the accelerated aging and sudden failure of transformer. The level of insulation plays a significant role in the life expectancy of the transformer. The diagnostics of the critical parameters for the defined ranges of aging of transformer oil attempts to determine the level of insulation and serve to ensure its efficient operation. The approach includes formulation of suggestions for determining the insulation level of the power transformer. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Extractive Desulfurization of Fuel Oils with Dicyano(nitroso)methanide-based Ionic Liquids

The inability of traditional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) to effectively remove aromatic sulfur compounds such as thiophene (TS) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) has called for alternative methods to be studied, among which extractive desulfurization using ionic liquids (ILs) has attracted increasing interest. In this work, we prepared a new IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyano(nitroso)methanide ([C₄mim][dcnm]), and investigated its extractive desulfurization for both model oils and real FCC gasoline, where model diesel fuel was composed of n-hexane and droplets of DBT and model gasoline was composed of n-hexane, toluene and droplets of TS. Other three [dcnm]-based ILs, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyano(nitroso)methanide ([C₂min][dcnm]), N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium dicyano(nitroso)methanide ([C₂mpyr][dcnm]), and N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium dicyano(nitroso)methanide ([C₄mpyr][dcnm]), were also comparatively investigated. These [dcnm]-based ILs have low viscosity which favors the mass transfer and reduces the extractive equilibrium time, also are fluorine-free which avoids the corrosion by hydrogen fluoride from anion decomposition that occurs generally in fluorine-containing ILs. The desulfurization ability follows the order [C₄min][dcnm] > [C₄mpyr][dcnm] > [C₂min][dcnm] > [C₂mpyr][dcnm]. Typically, [C₄min][dcnm] is capable of removing 66% DBT and 53% TS from their respective model oils after one cycle (initial 500 ppm S, 25°C, 15 min, mass ratio of IL:oil 1:1), and < 10 ppm S-content can be obtained after 4 cycles. It was observed interestingly that the S-content in real FCC gasoline can be reduced from initial 250 ppm to < 30 ppm after 6 cycles using [C₄min][dcnm] as extractive reagent, which is better than some previous results for real feedstocks. Mutual solubility, extractive temperature, IL:oil mass ratio, multiple extraction, initial S-content, and regeneration were also studied. These dcnm-based ILs are competitive extractive reagents compared with some other ILs to remove those aromatic S-compounds from fuel oils.     

离子液体1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑分离毛竹半纤维素研究

以毛竹为原料,通过1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑室温离子液体([Amim]Cl)直接分离半纤维素,并利用红外光谱检测、热动力学分析、中性糖成分检测、糖醛酸含量测定和一维核磁共振成像等分析手段证明氯化1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑离子液体可直接分离毛竹半纤维素。所得组分中不含有木质素杂质但混有少量纤维素和果胶质,毛竹半纤维素结构是以(1→4)-β-D-木聚糖为主链,以阿拉伯糖和4-O-甲基-α-D-葡糖醛酸为侧链的木聚糖,其中阿拉伯糖以C-3位与木聚糖主链相连,4-O-甲基-α-D-葡糖醛酸则以O-2位与木糖主链相连。     

Desulfurization of Real Fuel Oils by Extraction with Ionic Liquids

Aromatic 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([C₄mim][N(CN)₂]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([C₂mim][N(CN)₂]) ionic liquids are tested for their performance in the extractive desulfurization of real FCC gasoline and diesel fuel. [C₄mim][N(CN)₂] has proven to be more effective than [C₂mim][N(CN)₂] in removing sulfur from fuels and was thus selected to undergo a series of further tests. A competitive desulfurization efficiency of nearly 40% and 30% was realized with [C₄mim][N(CN)₂] for diesel fuel and gasoline, respectively, in a single extraction at <1 h, 25°C, and 1:1(w/w)IL:fuel. The influence of IL:fuel mass ratio, temperature, and multiple extractions on S-extraction efficiency is investigated, and the result tends to favor large-scale industrial application. This high efficiency obtained at low temperature, together with the insensitivity of the Nernst partition coefficient on desulfurization efficiency, is industrially favorable because not much energy and cost are required. The influence of mass ratios is not obvious, but to some degree, the Nernst partition coefficients depend on the mass ratio, suggesting that this extraction is not a completely physically-determined extraction. This work offers a significant contribution to the production of clean oils by extraction with ionic liquids.     

Hydrodynamics and flow regimes in turbulent bed contactor with non‐Newtonian liquids

The flow regimes normally encountered in a turbulent bed contactor (TBC) are static, partially fluidised, completely fluidised and flooding regimes. Experiments were conducted in a TBC operating in Type I mode to identify the flow regimes with non‐Newtonian liquid. Flow regime transition velocities were obtained from the pressure drop and bed expansion measurements at various operating and geometric variables. The variables include apparent viscosity of the liquid, gas and liquid velocities, size and density of the particles, and static bed height. The effect of the above variables on delineation of flow regime transition was studied. Based on the experimental data, correlations were proposed for predicting the transition velocity from one regime to the other. The influence of the variables on regime transition velocities is more or less similar to that observed for Newtonian liquids. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

应用滤纸接触法甄别[BMIM]PF6对赤子爱胜蚓的急性毒性效应

文章选用咪唑类离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐（[BMIM]PFe）作为目标污染物,采用赤于爱胜蚓作为受试动物,应用滤纸接触法,通过测试不同暴露浓度下蚯蚓在60h、72h和84h时的死亡率,研究其对受试动物的急性毒性效应。实验发现,[BMIM]PF6虽然是新型绿色溶剂．但其仍存在一定程度的环境璺眸,带要笋基事性和生态效应做进一步研究。     

六烷基胍TADC含能离子液体的合成与表征

采用离子交换法合成了4种六烷基胍4,5-二氰基-1,2,3三唑([Cn-guan][TADC],n=3,4,5,6)含能离子液体,用红外光谱和核磁共振对结构进行了表征,测试了其在常用有机溶剂中的溶解性,用表面界面张力仪和TG、DSC分别研究了其密度和热性能。结果表明,六烷基胍TADC离子盐在极性较大的有机溶剂中具有良好的溶解性,最大分解温度在370℃左右,表明[C3-6-guan][TADC]具有良好热稳定性,([Cn-guan][TADC],n=3,4,5)在DSC的二次升温过程中经历了玻璃态、过冷态、结晶固态和液态4种相态。