Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas over Calcined Ni–Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxides

The catalytic partial oxidation of CH₄ to syngas was carried out over an Ni–Mg/Al mixed-oxide catalyst prepared from layered double hydroxide-type precursors. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR, UV-DRS, XRF, BET and CHNS analysis. The effects of the catalyst composition and the calcination temperature on the catalytic performance and the extent of catalyst deactivation were investigated. Ni–Mg/Al oxide catalysts converted CH₄ into syngas efficiently with high selectivity. The catalyst performance was strongly related to the Ni particle size and the calcination temperature. The catalysts that were calcined at higher temperature exhibited a better catalytic performance. In conclusion, the NiAl₂O₄ spinel phase had a positive effect on the stability of the catalyst.     

Zn-Al-CO_3水滑石晶粒尺寸控制与光屏蔽作用研究

在旋转液膜反应器中制备成核浆液 ,通过控制晶化温度制备了不同粒径且晶体结构完整的Zn Al CO3水滑石 (LDHs)。将不同粒径的Zn Al CO3LDHs配成质量分数为 0 0 2 %的水分散液 ,测定在紫外 -可见光范围的透过率 ,结果发现 ,随晶化温度的升高 ,LDHs粒径增大 ,样品对紫外及可见光的阻隔作用增强 ;Zn Al CO3LDHs在不同波长下的吸光度与晶体粒子在a轴和c轴方向的尺寸呈线性关系。由外推法求得了Zn Al CO3LDHs对各波长紫外 -可见光产生屏蔽作用的晶粒尺寸阈值。对波长分别为 2 90、3 2 0、40 0、60 0和 80 0nm光波能够产生屏蔽作用的Zn Al CO3LDHs ,其粒子尺寸在a轴方向需分别大于 3 2 92、3 3 77、3 4 77、3 5 5 6、3 5 79nm ;在c轴方向需分别大于 9 73、12 79、16 47、19 3 5、2 0 2 2nm。     

Alkylation of phenol with 1-propanol and 2-propanol over catalysts derived from hydrotalcite-like anionic clays

Vapour phase alkylation of phenol with 1-propanol and 2-propanol was carried out in a fixed-bed flow reactor over calcined magnesium aluminium hydrotalcites (MgAl-CHT) with Mg/Al atomic ratios 2, 3 and 4. MgAl 3.0-CHT showed higher phenol conversion (80% at 350C, in the alkylation of phenol with 1-propanol. Both O- and C-alkylations were found to be taking place without any skeletal isomerization of the propyl moiety, suggesting an S_N2 type mechanism. Isomorphous substitution of Mg²⁺ by Cu²⁺ or Ni²⁺ in the hydrotalcite framework resulted in the predominant C-alkylation to give 2-n-propylphenol (60–70%) with nearly 40–50% phenol conversion at 350C. When 2-propanol was used as an alkylating agent, the phenol conversion decreased over all these catalysts and the alkylation was noticed exclusively at C-centers. Comparison of the product selectivity at constant phenol conversion revealed that CuAl 3.0-CHT is more selective for 2-n-propylphenol and 2-isopropylphenol in the reaction of phenol with 1-propanol and 2-propanol respectively. The participation of a pair of acid-base sites in the calcined hydrotalcites for the alkylation reaction has been proposed. The acid-base properties of these catalysts have been examined by the decomposition of cyclohexanol as a test reaction. Analysis of the spent catalysts revealed that Cu²⁺ in CuO gets reduced into Cu¹⁺ and metallic copper during the reaction in the case of CuAl-CHT, while MgO and NiO phases of MgAl-CHT and NiAl-CHT are retained.     

水滑石形成机理与形貌控制的研究现状

综述了水滑石生长机理研究的几种典型理论和影响水滑石形貌、尺寸和结构控制的因素,重点介绍了不同制备方法对形貌特征的影响。     

烧制工艺对氧化镁活性的影响

为获取高活性氧化镁，以提供镁铝水滑石阻燃剂制备的实验依据，采用X射线衍射研究烧制工艺与氧化镁的结晶状态的关系，结果发现烧制温度和烧制时间对氧化镁的活性有较大的影响，而不同活性的氧化镁对镁铝水滑石有决定性影响。在500℃-750℃的范围内，镁盐的烧制温度为500℃-550℃，保温时间2h，这样的氧化镁的活性最大，用其制备镁铝水滑石试样纯度较高。     

水滑石和类水滑石化合物在催化反应中的应用

水滑石及类水滑石化合物具有特殊的层状结构及物理化学性质,在吸附、催化领域中占有重要地位。综述了水滑石和类水滑石化合物在各种催化反应中的应用,并对其在催化领域的发展作了展望。     

The Optimal Concentration of Nanoclay Hydrotalcite for Recovery of Reactive and Direct Textile Colorants

Concerns about the health of the planet have grown dramatically, and the dyeing sector of the textile industry is one of the most polluting of all industries. Nanoclays can clean dyeing wastewater using their adsorption capacities. In this study, as a new finding, it was possible to analyze and quantify the amount of metal ions substituted by anionic dyes when adsorbed, and to determine the optimal amount of nanoclay to be used to adsorb all the dye. The tests demonstrated the specific amount of nanoclay that must be used and how to optimize the subsequent processes of separation and processing of the nanoclay. Hydrotalcite was used as the adsorbent material. Direct dyes were used in this research. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns allowed the shape recovery of the hydrotalcite to be checked and confirmed the adsorption of the dyes. An FTIR analysis was used to check the presence of characteristic groups of the dyes in the resulting hybrids. The thermogravimetric (TGA) tests corroborated the dye adsorption and the thermal fastness improvement. Total solar reflectance (TSR) showed increased radiation protection for UV-VIS-NIR. Through the work carried out, it has been possible to establish the maximum adsorption point of hydrotalcite.     

改性类水滑石的制备及其去除溶液中Eu(Ⅲ)和U(Ⅵ)

通过水热合成法成功地制备了丙三醇改性Ni/Al型水滑石(GMH),并通过批量处理法和静态吸附法考察了在固体投加量、溶液pH、离子强度、腐殖酸、接触时间和温度等因素影响下,溶液中Eu(Ⅲ)和U(Ⅵ)在GMH上的吸附行为。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)等表征手段对材料吸附前后进行分析,结合吸附动力学和热力学模型对吸附机理进行探讨。结果表明,溶液pH值对Eu(Ⅲ)和U(Ⅵ)在GMH上的吸附行为影响显著,在pH=7.0左右时吸附率达到最大;准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温线模型可以很好地描述Eu(Ⅲ)和U(Ⅵ)在GMH上的吸附过程,且此过程是自发的、吸热的过程;实验条件下,GMH对溶液中的Eu(Ⅲ)和U(Ⅵ)的最大理论吸附量分别为511 mg/g和441 mg/g;GMH对溶液中Eu(Ⅲ)的吸附主要是通过静电相互作用、内层表面络合以及离子交换相互作用实现;而对U(Ⅵ)的吸附主要是通过静电相互作用和内层表面络合作用实现的。实验表明,合成材料在含低放废水的有效净化和修复方面具有很大的应用前景。     

N-十四烷基甘氨酸柱撑水滑石的制备、表征及在环氧胶粘剂中的应用

采用共沉淀法成功制备了N 十四烷基甘氨酸柱撑水滑石(简称N LDH)Mg4Al2(OH)12[C14H29NHCH2COO],并用XRD、FTIR对样品进行表征。结果表明,C14H29NHCH2COO-可进入水滑石层间,N LDH具有良好的层状结构,其层间距由0 759nm增加到2 418nm;实验结果表明,在E44/T31环氧胶粘剂体系中加入N LDH可有效改善其力学性质,当w(N LDH)=5%时,拉伸剪切强度提高了53 7%。     

Mg-Al-Fe复合氧化物上选择性催化合成乙二醇单乙醚

采用共沉淀法合成了一系列Mg-A1-Fe水滑石,并通过高温焙烧制得三元碱性复合金属氧化物(MMOs)催化剂,以乙醇和环氧乙烷(EO)为原料,在固定床反应器中考察了MMOs催化剂对乙氧基化合成乙二醇单乙醚(EGME)反应的催化性能。采用XRD,FTIR,TG,CO_2-TPD等方法对催化剂的结构和物理化学性质进行了表征,考察了水滑石前体的焙烧温度、水滑石中n(Mg):n(A1)以及Fe掺杂量对MMOs催化剂活性的影响。实验结果表明,催化剂表面碱性对其活性影响很大,n(Mg):n(A1):n(Fe)=10:5:0.76的水滑石前体在773 K下焙烧后制得的MMOs催化剂活性最高,在反应压力0.4 MPa、反应温度393 K、n(乙醇):n(EO)=7:1、液态空速3 h~(-1)的条件下,EO转化率为81.5%,EGME选择性达92.3%。