嗜热链球菌grx02对酒精性肝损伤大鼠保护作用的分子机制

研究了嗜热链球菌grx02对急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠模型的保护作用机制。建立了急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠模型,观察嗜热链球菌grx02对急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠血清转氨酶以及炎症细胞因子的改善作用。结果表明,酒精可诱导大鼠血清谷氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙二醛(MDA)水平显著升高,;血清、肝匀浆中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-8(IL-8)细胞因子水平显著升高;乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)、增加谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著下降,与对照组比较均有显著性差异。结论:grx02可能通过抑制炎性因子,增强抗氧化酶系活性、抑制氧化应激引发的肝损伤,对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤发挥保护作用。     

Effect of additives on mesophilic α-amylase and its application in the desizing of cotton fabrics

An investigation was carried out on thermal stability of α-amylase. The influence of various additives (calcium acetate, sodium lactate, L-histidine, and water-soluble chitosan) on the stability of α-amylase was studied. Results showed the inactivation behavior of α-amylase with or without additives all followed the first-order kinetics. All additives (Ca2+, sodium lactate, L-histidine, and water-soluble chitosan) displayed good stabilizing effect on α-amylase lower than 80 °C, and only water-soluble chitosan had an efficient stabilizing effect on α-amylase when the treatment temperature exceeds 80 °C. All additives improved the catalytic activity of α-amylase at 70–90 °C, and the appearance of water-soluble chitosan increased the catalytic activity of α-amylase at 90 °C sharply. A desizing ratio of 68.42% was obtained by treating the cotton fabrics in the buffer solution at 100 °C without α-amylase. To obtain a desizing ratio exceed 95% when fabrics were treated at 100 °C for 10 min, the addition of water-soluble chitosan saves 2/3 α-amylase dosage. Moreover, water-soluble chitosan showed a further improvement in desizing effect than the additive of calcium acetate.     

真姬菇菌丝体发酵藜麦产物中多糖的抗氧化和α-淀粉酶抑制活性

利用真姬菇发酵藜麦,通过单因素试验优化发酵物中多糖的提取条件,并将提取的多糖进一步分离纯化,分别测定多糖纯化前后的抗氧化和α-淀粉酶抑制活性。试验结果表明:酶解辅助提取法较优,多糖提取量为(207.67±2.52)mg/g。对提取到的多糖分离纯化后得到4种多糖组分。未纯化多糖(unpurified polysaccharide,UP)对DPPH和羟基自由基清除效果较其他组分显著,最高清除率达到28.95%与43.36%;中性多糖(neutral polysaccharide,NP)对ABTS+自由基清除效果最为明显,最高值达到了51.22%。酸性多糖-0.1(acid polysaccharide-0.1,AP-0.1)对枯草芽孢杆菌来源的α-淀粉酶的抑制效果最强,最高抑制率为60.22%;酸性多糖-0.5(acid polysaccharide-0.5,AP-0.5)对猪胰腺来源的α-淀粉酶抑制能力较显著,最高抑制率为50.36%。结果表明真姬菇与藜麦发酵产物多糖具有一定的抗氧化和α-淀粉酶抑制活性,为其在功能性食品添加剂方向的应用提供了数据基础。     

α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂体外筛选方法的研究

以对-硝基苯-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷为底物,通过高效液相色谱定量分析水解产物对-硝基苯酚,确定α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性,建立新的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的体外筛选方法,为了提高筛选方法的灵敏度,对酶促反应条件进行了优化,并用阿卡波糖验证筛选方法的可靠性,结果测得阿卡波糖的IC50为2.07 mg/mL,与文献报道相近,说明该法可替代传统的Trembly法,并可用于α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的高通量筛选。     

桔梗多糖对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节

研究桔梗多糖(PPS80)对环磷酰胺(CTX)所致免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用。将60只雄性KM小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、桔梗多糖低、中、高剂量治疗组(100,200,400mg/(kg.d))和盐酸左旋咪唑(LMS)阳性组。连续3d腹腔注射环磷酰胺80mg/(kg.d)建立免疫抑制小鼠模型,于给药治疗1周后利用称重法检测胸腺指数和脾脏指数,ELISA法测定血清白介素-2(IL-2)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量。结果表明,桔梗多糖能明显增加环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的胸腺指数和脾脏指数,显著提高血清中IL-2和TNF-α的含量并呈剂量依赖性。桔梗多糖对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠具有免疫增强调节作用。     

尿素包合法富集纯化杜仲籽油α-亚麻酸的工艺优化

采用二次正交旋转组合设计,对尿素包合法富集纯化杜仲籽油中α-亚麻酸的工艺进行了优化研究.在单因素实验的基础上,以α-亚麻酸纯度为考察指标,考察了尿素与脂肪酸质量比、95％乙醇与脂肪酸质量比、包合温度、包合时间等四个实验因素对α-亚麻酸富集效果的影响,建立了二次多元回归方程预测模型.实验结果表明α-亚麻酸最佳富集工艺条件为:尿素与脂肪酸质量比为3∶1,95％乙醇与脂肪酸质量比为9∶1,包合温度为-9.0℃,包合时间为17.0h.在此最佳富集条件下,α-亚麻酸纯度可提高至82.63％.尿素包合法是富集纯化杜仲籽油α-亚麻酸的有效方法.     

Short communication: Bovine α-casein is a ferritin-binding protein and inhibitory factor of milk ferritin immunoassay

Commercial bovine milk α-casein, but not β- and κ-caseins, bound to bovine spleen ferritin, as determined by an immunoassay for ferritin. In contrast, α-casein did not bind to apoferritin. The binding of α-casein to bovine spleen ferritin was strongly inhibited by increasing ionic strength by the addition of 0.5 M (NH₄)₂SO₄. The addition of α-casein to a known amount of bovine spleen ferritin resulted in significantly lower recovery (78-80%) of added ferritin, although β- and κ-caseins showed little inhibitory effect in the ferritin immunoassay. These results indicate that bovine α-casein is a specific ferritin-binding protein that may inhibit milk ferritin immunoassay.     

黑曲霉菌丝体活力对α-L-鼠李糖苷酶发酵的影响

α-L-鼠李糖苷酶是工业上一种重要的水解酶。为了方便地优化和监控α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的发酵生产过程,在5 L发酵罐水平研究黑曲霉菌丝体活力与α-L-鼠李糖苷酶产量之间的关系,菌丝体活力采用TTC-脱氢酶法进行测定。实验结果表明,在发酵过程中维持适宜的菌丝体活力对α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的产量非常重要:当摇瓶种子菌丝体活力达到最大值0.388 U/mL时,对应的5 L发酵罐中α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的产量最大;控制发酵过程的pH恒定于5.5,可以有效延缓菌丝体活力下降速度,使α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的产量提高28.7%;当搅拌转速低于400r/min或通气量低于0.3 vvm时,发酵24～36 h的菌丝体活力大幅下降,α-L-鼠李糖苷酶的产量显著降低。因此,可以将菌丝体活力作为α-L-鼠李糖苷酶发酵工艺优化和生产过程控制中一项重要的监控参数。     

Thermal properties of tapioca starch

Thermal properties of native tapioca starch, including thermal conductivity, specific heat, and thermal diffusivity at 4, 15, and 30% moisture contents, and 25, 50, and 75°C temperature levels were studied. Thermal conductivity was measured using a line‐heat source thermal probe equipped with a computerized data acquisition system; specific heat was measured using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and thermal diffusivity was calculated from the thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat. Thermal conductivity, specific heat, and thermal diffusivity increased with the increase of temperature and/or moisture content. Prediction models for the thermal properties of tapioca starch were developed for practical applications.     

α-转移葡萄糖苷酶的转苷作用机理探究

通过用高效液相色谱(HPLC)全程跟踪转苷反应过程的方法,对α-转移葡萄糖苷酶将麦芽糖转变为异麦芽糖的酶促反应作用机理进行了探讨。结果表明,在转化过程中α-转移葡萄糖苷酶先把麦芽糖的α-1,4糖苷键打断,分解为两个葡萄糖单元,然后再通过α-1,6糖苷键连接的方式重新键合,完成从麦芽糖到异麦芽糖的异构化过程。而由麦芽糖生成异麦芽糖的整个转苷过程是在分子内进行的。与此同时,由麦芽糖分解出来的部分葡萄糖单元通过分子间作用的方式与麦芽糖或异麦芽糖发生反应,生成潘糖或者异麦芽三糖。