α-硫辛酸脂质体的制备及质量评价

以大豆磷脂和胆固醇为膜材,采用薄膜-超声乳化分散法制备了α-硫辛酸脂质体。研究了配方中不同组分的比例对包封率的影响,并对脂质体的结构和形态、稳定性、表面电位、存贮条件进行了考察。结果表明,在大豆磷脂、胆固醇、α-硫辛酸的质量比为5∶1.5∶0.08时,制备的脂质体包封率为80.9%。该方法制备的α-硫辛酸脂质体为球形的单室结构,平均粒径为237 nm左右,表面电位为负,脂质体乳液的pH=6.5,适宜的贮存条件是3～5℃冰箱冷藏。     

α-氯代脂肪酸水热法中性水解合成α-羟基脂肪酸

开发了一条从天然脂肪酸合成α-羟基脂肪酸(α-HFA)的高产率、低污染且低成本的合成路线,即从天然脂肪酸制备α-氯代脂肪酸(α-CFA),再以α-CFA为原料通过水热法中性水解合成α-HFA。用GC-MS和IR鉴定了产物的结构,ESI-MS表征了产物的相对分子质量(以下简称分子量),纯化后α-HFA纯度达99%(GC)以上。探讨了水热中性水解反应中原料配比、反应加水量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对该水热工艺的影响,结果表明,当n(CaCO3)∶n(α-CFA)=1.05∶1,m(H2O)∶m(α-CFA)=2∶1,C12～C18的α-氯代天然脂肪酸在155℃水热条件下反应4 h后,α-HFA同系物的产率均高达98%～99%。     

不同初始pH值对α-磷酸三钙水化产物的影响

方向二维择优生长,针状水化产物沿c轴择优取向生长。X射线衍射和Fourier红外光谱测试结果表明：初始pH值大于5时,水化产物为缺钙型羟基磷灰石,含有少量CO32-和HPO42-,且HPO42-含量随初始pH值的升高而降低。     

2,4,6-三甲基苯乙酸的合成新方法

以2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醛为原料,通过相转移催化反应在水-氯仿体系中先合成α-羟基-2,4,6-三甲基苯乙酸(收率52%);再通过次磷酸还原α-羟基-2,4,6-三甲基苯乙酸得到最终产物2,4,6-三甲基苯乙酸(收率91%)。此法绿色便捷,成本相对较低。     

α-硫辛酸中有机溶剂残留量的不确定度评定

研究了α-硫辛酸中有机溶剂残留量气相色谱定量方法的测量不确定度的评定方法。通过建立数学模型,对测量过程的不确定度来源如：样品称样量、定容体积、工作曲线、测试方法的回收率和重复性的各不确定度分量进行分析评定和量化,计算了合成不确定度和扩展不确定度,α-硫辛酸中有机溶剂残留量的GC定量结果表示为乙醚（0.252±0.006）%;k=2;异丙醚（0.092±0.002）%;k=2。本试验的不确定度主要由外标工作曲线所引起。     

高性能电瓷材料配方的研究

为了满足生产550kV/20kN以上棒形产品的要求,对高性能电瓷材料配方进行了研究,在配方中添加α-Al2O3,可提高电瓷材料强度;添加碱土金属元素化合物,可起到强熔剂与“压碱效应”的作用。研制出的等静压电瓷材料具有较低的烧成温度和良好的机、电、热性能;瓷弯曲强度184MPa、瓷上釉弯曲强度230MPa、电气强度32kV/mm、冷热急变性200K。     

重症肺炎支原体肺炎肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平观察

目的检测重症肺炎支原体肺炎患者支气管肺泡灌洗液（bronchial tube pul monary alveolus syringe fluid,BALF）中肿瘤坏死因子-α（Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（Interleukin-6,IL-6）、白细胞介素-8（In-terleukin-8,IL-8）白细胞介素-10（Interleukin-10,IL-10）浓度,探讨其临床意义。方法收住ICU的重症肺炎支原体肺炎患者36例,其CPIS评分〉6分为CPIS高分组共15例,CPIS评分〈6分为CPIS低分组共21例;正常对照组24例。取支气管肺泡灌洗液检测TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平。结果重症肺炎支原体肺炎无论CPIS高分组和CPIS低分组支气管肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,CPIS高分组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平高于CPIS低分组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,CPIS高分组IL-10水平稍高于CPIS低分组,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。2组治疗后恢复期TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平均明显下降（P〈0.01）。结论 TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10在重症肺炎的发生发展中起重要作用,是重症肺炎支原体肺炎诊断的重要因素之一。利用支气管肺泡灌洗液检测TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10水平变化对临床诊断治疗及预后有一定的临床价值。     

Removal of bisphenol A and 17α-ethinyl estradiol from landfill leachate using single-walled carbon nanotubes

In this study, the adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA) and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) from landfill leachate onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was investigated. Different leachate solutions were prepared by altering the pH, ionic strength, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the solutions to mimic the varying water conditions that occur in leachate during the various stages of waste decomposition. The youngest and oldest leachate solutions contained varying DOC and background chemistry and were represented by leachate Type A (pH = 5.0; DOC = 2500 mg/L; conductivity = 12,500 μS/cm; [Ca²⁺] = 1200 mg/L; [Mg²⁺] = 470 mg/L) and Type E (pH = 7.5; DOC = 250 mg/L; conductivity = 3250 μS/cm; [Ca²⁺] = 60 mg/L; [Mg²⁺] = 180 mg/L). These solutions were subsequently combined in different ratios to produce intermediate solutions, labeled B-D, to replicate time-dependent changes in leachate composition. Overall, a larger fraction of EE2 was removed as compared to BPA, consistent with its higher log K_OW value. The total removal of BPA and EE2 decreased in older leachate solutions, with the adsorptive capacity of SWCNTs decreasing in the order of leachate Type A > Type B > Type C > Type D > Type E. An increase in the pH from 3.5 to 11 decreased the adsorption of BPA by 22% in young leachate and by 10% in old leachate. The changes in pH did not affect the adsorption of EE2 in the young leachate, but did reduce adsorption by 32% in the old leachate. Adjusting the ionic strength using Na⁺ did not significantly impact adsorption, while increasing the concentration of Ca²⁺ resulted in a 12% increase in the adsorption of BPA and a 19% increase in the adsorption of EE2. DOC was revealed to be the most influential parameter in this study. In the presence of hydrophilic DOC, represented by glucose in this study, adsorption of the endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) onto the SWCNTs was not affected. In the absence of SWCNTs, hydrophobic DOC (i.e., humic acid) adsorbed 15-20% of BPA and EE2. However, when the humic acid and SWCNTs were both present, the overall adsorptive capacity of the SWCNTs was reduced. Hydrophobic (π-π electron donor-acceptor) interactions between the EDCs and the constituents in the leachate, as well as interactions between the SWCNTs and the EDCs, are proposed as potential adsorption mechanisms for BPA and EE2 onto SWCNTs.     

TiAlCNO过渡层组织结构及其对Al_2O_3涂层结构性能的影响

MT-TiCN/α-Al2O3多层涂层是高性能硬质合金CVD涂层刀具的典型涂层结构,得到广泛的应用和研究。TiAlCNO过渡层可以改善MT-TiCN/α-Al2O3涂层之间的结合性能。通过改变沉积气氛氧化势,制备了不同成分的TiAlCNO过渡层和MT-TiCN/TiAlCNO/Al2O3多层涂层,研究了沉积气氛氧化势对TiAlCNO过渡层和MT-TiCN/TiAlCNO/Al2O3多层涂层的结构性能的影响。结果表明:当沉积气氛中有CO2时,沉积TiAlCNO过渡层中可以检测到α-Al2O3相;随沉积气氛中CO2的增加,TiAlCNO过渡层中的Al含量增加,沉积在TiAlCNO过渡层表面的α-Al2O3涂层织构降低,结合强度增加。当TiAlCNO过渡层沉积气氛中CO2流量由0 L/min增加到1 L/min时,Al2O3涂层的织构系数TC(113)由0.64增加到1.33,而TC(012)由2.07降到1.5,TC(110)由1.99降到0.97;划痕临界载荷LC由36.5 N增加到51.7 N。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的马氏体相变量与孔蚀敏感性的相关性研究

研究了AISI321亚稳态奥氏体不锈钢(1Cr18Ni9Ti)在-70℃(液氮气氛)经不同程度拉伸形变得到的含有不同α′-马氏体的试样在中性含氯离子介质中,材料的马氏体相变量与孔蚀敏感性的关系.孔蚀击穿电位、孔蚀诱导期和孔数的测试结果均表明:当α′-马氏体含量约小于5%和大于15%时,经形变诱发马氏体相变的1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢在中性NaCl溶液中,孔蚀敏感性随α′-马氏体含量的增加而增大;当α′-马氏体含量在5%～15%范围内时,材料的孔蚀敏感性随α′-马氏体含量的增大而降低.