微小RNA调控干扰素-α在系统性红斑狼疮发病机制中的作用

系统性红斑狼疮是一种多系统受累的自身免疫病。干扰素-α作为系统性红斑狼疮免疫紊乱的关键因素,对其作用机制及信号通路的研究可进一步揭示系统性红斑狼疮的发病机制,并为该病的临床治疗提供新策略。近年研究发现,微小RNA在系统性红斑狼疮发病机制中具有重要作用,且微小RNA异常表达参与Ⅰ型干扰素通路的调节。本文综述了微小RNA对Ⅰ型干扰素通路的调节及其在系统性红斑狼疮发病机制中的作用,对进一步认识系统性红斑狼疮的发病机制具有重要意义。     

The methionine precursor dl-2-hydroxy-(4-methylthio)butanoic acid protects intestinal epithelial barrier function

dl-2-hydroxy-(4-methylthio)butanoic acid (HMTBA) is a source of dietary methionine (Met) that is widely used in poultry nutrition. We have previously shown that HMTBA is preferentially diverted to the transsulfuration pathway, which gives antioxidant metabolites such as taurine and glutathione. Therefore, here we hypothesize that this Met source can protect epithelial barrier function in an in vitro model of intestinal inflammation of Caco-2 cells. The results show that HMTBA prevents the increase in paracellular permeability induced by H₂O₂ or tumour necrosis factor-α. This effect can be attributed to the increased production of taurine and reduced glutathione. Similar results were obtained for dl-Met, although the protective role of the amino acid was less pronounced than that of the hydroxy analogue. In conclusion, the diversion to the transsulfuration pathway means that this Met precursor is of greater value than previously thought, due to its capacity to improve intestinal homeostasis and the quality of poultry products destined for human consumption.     

3,4-Dimethyl-2,5-functionalized thieno[2,3-b]thiophenes: versatile precursors for novel bis-thiazoles

Synthesis of novel bis(thiazoles) 19–22, 24, 25, 30 and 31 is reported. Thus, reaction of the bis(α-bromoketones) 14 and 15 with the corresponding thioamide derivatives 16–18 in refluxing EtOH in the presence of triethylamine afforded 19–22 in good yields. On the other hand, the novel bis(thiazoles) 24 and 25 can be synthesized by the reaction of 14 and 15 with the corresponding p-chlorobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazones 23 in refluxing EtOH. The novel isomeric bis(thiazoles) 30 and 31 can also be synthesized by a reaction of the corresponding bis(benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazones) 27 and 28 with p-chlorophenacyl bromide 29. Compounds 27 and 28 were obtained by condensation of the corresponding bis(aldehydes) 12 and 13 with thiosemicarbazide 26.     

Comparisons of α-amylase inhibitors from seeds of common bean mutants extracted through three phase partitioning

This study compared the inhibitory activity of α-amylase inhibitor (αAI) extracted from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) variety Hwachia, its nine mutants and two introduced varieties by using three-phase partitioning (TPP). A commercially prepared Phase 2 was also used to serve as a comparative reference. The optimal purification parameters for TPP were 30% saturation ammonium sulphate and pH 5.25. Considerable variations were detected in αAI content, total inhibitory activity and specific inhibitory activity of αAI purified from different common beans. Mutant SA-05 had the αAI inhibitory activity of 6267 units g⁻¹ dry seed weight, which was higher than Hwachia (5062 units g⁻¹ dry seed weight) and Phase 2 (3200 units g⁻¹ dry weight). Moreover, it had an extremely lower IC₅₀ (0.40 μg) than Phase 2 (10.22 μg). Thus, the mutant SA-05 may be used as raw material in commercial preparation of αAI extracts for controlling appetite and energy intake.     

低氧诱导因子-1α对脓毒症肠黏膜屏障的保护作用

目的：探讨低氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）对脓毒症肠黏膜屏障的影响及机制。方法：SD大鼠随机分4组：假手术组、脓毒症组、脓毒症+HIF-1α刺激剂组（脓毒症+DMOG组）、脓毒症+HIF-1α抑制剂组（脓毒症+Bay87-2243组）,每组6只。采用盲肠结扎穿孔（cecal ligation and perforation, CLP）建立脓毒症模型。ELISA检测大鼠血浆炎性标记物IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α,氧化应激标记物丙二醛（MDA）以及抗氧化因子超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的水平。Western blot检测大鼠肠黏膜HIF-1α表达。HE染色检测肠黏膜病理学损伤。结果：与假手术组相比,脓毒症大鼠炎症因子、氧化应激因子以及HIF-1α显著上调（P<0.05）;给予腹腔注射DMOG明显降低脓毒症大鼠血浆IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、MDA水平（P<0.05）;增加血浆SOD、CAT水平（P<0.05）;HIF-1α表达上调（P<0.05）,肠黏膜病理损伤减轻,Chiu's评分显著降低（P<0.05）。口服灌胃Bay87-2243则得到相反的结果。 结论：HIF-1α对脓毒症肠黏膜损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与缓解脓毒症炎性反应和抑制氧化应激水平有关。     

基于支持向量机逆系统的无轴承异步电机非线性解耦控制

无轴承异步电机是非线性、多变量和强耦合的系统,实现其电磁转矩和径向悬浮力之间的动态解耦控制是电机稳定悬浮运行的关键。本文采用基于最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)α阶逆系统的方法对无轴承异步电机进行解耦控制。将用LS-SVM辨识出的无轴承异步电机逆系统串联在原系统之前,使复杂的非线性原系统解耦成四个独立的伪线性子系统——两个径向位移子系统、一个速度子系统和一个转子磁链子系统,然后根据线性系统理论进行系统综合。最后的仿真试验研究表明,基于LS-SVMα阶逆系统方法能够实现无轴承异步电机悬浮力和旋转力之间的动态解耦控制。     

α-β坐标系下瞬时无功功率的笼型异步电机转子故障诊断

根据α-β两相静止坐标下的瞬时无功功率理论,推导出笼型异步电动机定子瞬时无功功率在正常状态、转子断条故障、转子偏心故障、以及两者的复合故障状态下的表达式,并提取出不易被基频淹没、易于辨识的故障特征频率,以此达到诊断电机的目的。同时,转子复合状态下的故障特征频率得到有效分离。最后,利用双Hilbert变换,滤除瞬时无功功率频谱中的直流成分,更好地突出故障特征分量。实验采集定子三相电压电流,经过坐标变换,运用两相静止坐标系瞬时无功功率理论得到瞬时无功功率,进行频谱分析,验证了此法对电机转子各种故障诊断的准确性。     

Thermal markers arising from changes in the protein component of milk

Classification of heat load applied to milk requires the detection of parameters appropriately related to the intensity of the heat treatment. Current analytical methods based on heat-induced changes in the protein component of milk have been directed either to determine the amount of protein-derived products arised from heat treatments or to evaluate the extent of thermal denaturation of milk proteins. Lately, a new analytical strategy has been developed according to the occurrence of three major whey proteins, namely bovine serum albumin (BSA), beta-lactoglobulin (βlg) and alfa-lactalbumin (αla), normally soluble at pH 4.6 in raw milk, in the pH 4.6 insoluble protein fraction recovered from heat-treated milk. The results have shown that pH 4.6 insoluble BSA, βlg and αla, as detected by ELISA in milk, can be regarded as thermal markers suited for either dairy process control or regulation purposes.     

α-Al2 O3微粒对铸造Al-Si合金微弧氧化膜耐蚀性的影响

目的通过共生沉积技术将α-Al2O3微粒引入到铸造Al-Si合金微弧氧化膜中,并研究其对膜层耐蚀性的影响。方法利用SEM和XRD分析α-Al2O3微粒对微弧氧化膜微观结构及成分的影响。通过极化曲线、交流阻抗谱及中性盐雾试验评价膜层的耐蚀性。结果α-Al2O3微粒复合改变了微弧氧化膜的组成及结构。微弧氧化膜呈双层结构,表面存在大量微孔,主要组成为γ-Al2O3;加入α-Al2O3微粒后,微弧氧化复合膜的表面微孔大幅减少,致密度提高,且膜层中α-Al2O3相增多。此外,α-Al2O3微粒复合改善了微弧氧化膜的耐蚀性。微弧氧化膜在质量分数为3.5%的Na Cl溶液中的自腐蚀电流密度约为1.476×10-5A/cm2,多孔层电阻Rp及阻挡层电阻Rb分别为0.259 kΩ·cm2及69.18 kΩ·cm2,耐盐雾试验时间为1200 h。加入α-Al2O3微粒后,微弧氧化复合膜的自腐蚀电流密度仅为微弧氧化膜层的28%,Rp大幅增加至274.5 kΩ·cm2,且Rb也上升了一个数量级,耐盐雾试验时间可达1440 h。结论α-Al2O3微粒的引入可以大幅提高铸造Al-Si合金微弧氧化膜的耐蚀性。     

卡非佐米的合成

卡非佐米(Carfilzomib)是一种α,β-环氧酮类蛋白酶体抑制剂,适用于多发性骨髓瘤的治疗。以L-苯丙氨酸苄酯为原料,经多步反应合成得到中间体2-吗啉乙酰-L-高苯丙氨酰-L-亮氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸。另以叔丁氧羰基(Boc)保护的L-亮氨酸为原料,经Weinreb酰胺化、格氏加成、环氧化及脱保护得到中间体S-2-氨基-4-甲基-1-(2S-环氧丙基)-1-戊酮三氟乙酸盐,上述两种中间体最终经缩合得到目标产物。关键中间体及产物经1HNMR和HR-MS确证结构。该合成方法反应条件温和、纯化简便、收率较高,适合大规模生产。