微波辐射提取桔皮中橙皮苷的研究

以乙醇溶液为提取溶剂,采用微波辐射提取桔皮中的橙皮苷,考察了溶剂浓度、微波功率、微波辐射时间、液料比等因素对橙皮苷提取量的影响.正交试验优化显示：溶剂体积浓度55%、微波提取功率400 W、辐射时间70 s和液料之比15∶1（质量比）时,橙皮苷的提取率为41.05%,比无微波辐射提取提高了14.21%.     

Biodegradability of cellulose fabrics

Biodegradability of cellulose fabrics was evaluated by use of a soil burial test, an activated sewage sludge test, and an enzyme hydrolysis. Surface changes after biodegradation were observed by optical microscopy. From X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), changes in the crystallinities and the internal structures as a result of degradation were also investigated. It was shown that biodegradability decreased in the following order: rayon > cotton ? acetate. Rayon fibers, which have a low crystallinity and a low degree of orientation, showed the highest biodegradability in most cases. However, in spite of its low crystallinity, acetate fibers exhibited very low biodegradability, probably because of the presence of hydrophobic groups in its structure. On the other hand, linen showed an inconsistent behavior in that it had the highest biodegradability in the soil burial test, but a lower biodegradability than that of cotton in the activated sewage sludge test. XRD analysis revealed that there was a slight increase in the crystallinity of linen, cotton, and rayon fabrics at the initial stage, but a continuous decrease thereafter. From the correlation analysis, it was revealed that the biodegradability of cellulose fabrics was closely related to the moisture regain of the fibers, which reflects the hydrophilicity and internal structure of the fibers at the same time. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 248–253, 2004     

The use of wood pulp and radiation‐modified starch in wastewater treatment

Radiation‐induced graft copolymerization of maize starch/acrylic acid has been performed. Also, natural byproduct wood pulp was used after chemical treatment for the removal of metal ions from the investigated wastewater. The surface and structure morphology of the wood pulp and starch/acrylic acid were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The physical parameters, such as swelling, gel percentage, and grafting efficiency (%) of starch/acrylic acid copolymer, were studied. The factors affecting the abilities of the prepared materials for removing heavy metal ions and dyes from aqueous solutions were studied. It was found that the maximum metal uptake is in the following sequence: Fe³⁺ > Cr³⁺ > Pb²⁺ > Cd²⁺. The adsorption capacity of such investigated metal ions increases with the increase of pH values. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006     

Time optimization of ultraviolet–ozone pretreatment for improving wool fabrics properties

Wool fabrics were exposed to ultraviolet (UV)–ozone treatment for different periods. After exposure, the fabrics were analyzed by Fourior transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Also, the crystallinity and amorphousity regions were followed by an X‐ray diffraction technique. The results were correlated by mechanical properties measurements. After a certain period of exposure, the dyeability and printability were improved because these abilities are strongly related to the percentage ratio of crystallinity regions to amorphousity regions in wool fabrics. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1469–1476, 2002     

Photocatalytic behavior of TiO_2 and ZnO prepared with different methods under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation

IntroductionIn recent years photocatalytic oxidation hasreceived considerable attention as an alternativeremediation technology since the method offers anumber of advantages over conventionaltechnologies [1,2] Elimination o…     

骨胶与表氯醇接枝共聚物的合成及应用性能

研究骨胶与表氯醇的接枝共聚反应。接枝共聚产物在1402cm-1(C—O—C伸缩振动)处的红外光谱验证了接枝共聚反应的发生。探讨了水胶比、碱用量、碱解温度、反应时间等因素对接枝共聚产物的影响。当水胶比为1:1,NaOH用量为胶液量的3%,碱解温度为60℃,表氯醇用量为胶液量的1%,接枝共聚温度为50℃时,合成胶粘剂的初粘力为100%,凝固点为-5℃,与工业骨胶相比,剪切强度大,其应用范围更广,应用性能得到较大的改善。     

Thermogravimetric analysis of methyl methacrylate‐graft‐natural rubber

The thermal degradations of methyl methacrylate‐graft‐natural rubber (MG) at different heating rates (B) in nitrogen were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that the thermal degradation of MG in nitrogen is a one‐step reaction. The degradation temperatures increase along with the increment of heating rates. The temperature of initial degradation (T₀) is 0.448B + 362.4°C, the temperature at maximum degradation rate, that is, the peak temperature on a differential thermogravimetric curve (T_p) is 0.545B + 380.7°C, and the temperature of final degradation (T_f) is 0.476B + 409.4°C. The degradation rate at T_p is not affected by B, and its average value is 48.9%; the degradation rate at T_f is not affected by B either, and its average value is 99.3%. The reaction order (n) is 2.1 and is not affected by B. The reaction activation energy (E) and the frequency factor (A) increase along with B, and the apparent reaction activation energy (E₀) is 254.6 kJ/mol. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2952–2955, 2002     

X射线荧光光谱法测定连铸保护渣的化学成分

根据连铸保护渣成分及试样特点,对试样预处理、试样熔融条件、熔制程序及干扰校正等进行试验研究,运用X射线荧光光谱法测定连铸保护渣中主要化学成分的含量。测定结果显示,各成分校准曲线相关系数大于0.999,相对标准偏差小于0.5%,与化学法对照结果无显著差异。     

三维温度梯度场中本征声线轨迹的求取

为了降低声波在温度梯度场中的折射现象对声学CT法温度场重建精度的影响,研究了温度梯度场中声波的真实传播路径,即本征声线轨迹,提出了一种三维本征声线出射角确定法.利用正三棱锥前向展开法,在单峰、双峰模型温度场中进行了三维本征声线追踪.结果表明,三维温度梯度场中的声线轨迹有明显弯曲,该三维本征声线轨迹求取法可用于复杂三维温度场中实际声线轨迹的确定,并有望应用于三维温度场声学CT重建系统中.     

基于手势的交互式三维场景并行光线跟踪绘制研究

利用光线跟踪可以绘制出高质量的真实感场景画面,但计算量很大,难以实现实时交互式绘制.为此,三维真实感场景的实时交互式绘制往往需要用到集群,但集群的绘制速度是由绘制速度最慢的节点决定的,如果节点之间的任务没有被划分均匀,集群的绘制效率就会下降.为了满足实时交互式绘制的要求、提高集群的绘制效率,设计了在粗粒度和细粒度两个层次上同时实现并行计算的集群绘制系统,并针对集群的负载均衡问题提出了基于像素递归深度的负载均衡方法.该方法首先统计出每个像素的递归深度从而得到整个场景的递归深度图,然后对上一帧按递归深度进行均衡划分.根据连续两帧所对应的场景具有的时空相关性,上一帧的划分结果可作为下一帧划分的依据.本算法的优势在于能够快速实现三维动态场景下的集群负载均衡.实验表明,该集群绘制系统可以高效地实现基于Kinect的实时交互式绘制.