Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline films using Fenton reagent

The chemical oxidation of aniline to form polyaniline (PANI) films and powder samples was made using Fenton reagent as an oxidizing agent in aqueous sulfuric acid medium. The PANI films were monitored by using the quartz crystal microbalance and the electronic absorption techniques. The optimum concentration was determined and the results were justified by measuring the UV–vis absorption spectra for the in situ PANI films. The conductivity for the PANI films and powder samples, prepared in different conditions, was measured. Also, the IR spectra, X‐ray and the thermogravimetric analysis for the PANI powder formed in the bulk were measured and compared with the polymer prepared using ammonium peroxydisulfate. A preliminary investigation to the dielectric properties of the polymer powder was measured and discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Coincidence Doppler broadening spectroscopy in polyvinyl chloride after doping with Al2O3

Coincidence Doppler broadening of annihilation radiation (CDBAR) and Vickers hardness techniques were performed to study pure Al₂O₃, pure polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and doped PVC with different concentrations of Al₂O₃ (10–50%). The CDBAR ratio curves with respect to pure PVC were presented and reflect the momentum distribution of all the samples. The peak around 14.5 ×10^?3 m_oC in the CDBAR ratio curves suggests a large contribution of positron annihilation with the Al₂O₃. There is a linear correlation between the height of this peak and the Al₂O₃ concentration. The S‐ and W‐parameters were extracted from the CDBAR spectra and increase with increasing the Al₂O₃ concentration showing discontinuity at 30% of Al₂O₃ concentration on PVC. The present data confirmed that there is no positronium formation in pure Al₂O₃ as a result of smaller S‐parameter. The Vickers hardness increases with increasing the Al₂O₃ concentration in PVC showing a linear dependence with two different slopes depend on the Al₂O₃ concentration range. A correlation between the Vickers hardness (macroscopic data) and the W‐parameter (microscopic data) was observed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

橡胶Mooney—Rivlin模型材料系数对轴向刚度影响分析

在橡胶小变形范围内，采用理论推断的方法，得到在相同硬度下橡胶Mooney—Rivlin模型材料系数由C2／C1决定的关系式。并采用ABAQUS有限元软件分析的方法，结合橡胶轴向刚度常规解，分析了C2／C1不同值对橡胶轴向刚度的影响进行，结果显示其影响呈现一定规律性。     

Concomitant Crystallization of Copper(II) Sachharinato Complexes with 2-methylpyrazine as a Monomer and an One-dimensional Polymer: Syntheses,Crystal Structures,Spectroscopic and Thermal Properties

The reaction of [Cu(sac)₂(H₂O)₄] · 2H₂O with 2-methylpyrazine (mpyz) leads two complexes, concomitant crystallization of a mononuclear complex [Cu(sac)₂(mpyz)(H₂O)₂] (1) and a polymeric complex [Cu(sac)₂(μ-mpyz)]_n (2). Both complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic measurements, FT-IR and ESR, TG-DTA and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Single-crystal X-ray analyses show that complex 1 consists of discrete molecules in which the copper(II) ions exhibits a square-pyramidal coordination geometry. The individual molecules of 1 are connected into a hydrogen-bonded chain structure, which is further assembled to form a three-dimensional network by π–π stacking interactions. Complex 2 is an 1D coordination polymer in which copper(II) centers are bridged by the mpyz ligand. The chains are further assembled to form two-dimensional frameworks by π–π and C–H···π stacking interactions.     

Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria for mixtures of tetrahydrofuran, 2-propanol, and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane at 101.3 kPa

Vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) at 101.3 kPa have been determined for a ternary system (tetrahydofuran + 2-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane) and its constituent binary systems (tetrahydrofuran + 2-propanol, tetrahydrofuran + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, and 2-propanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane). The activity coefficients of liquid mixtures were calculated from the modified Raoult's law. Thermodynamic consistency tests were performed for all VLE data. The VLE data of the binary mixtures and ternary mixtures were correlated using the Margules, Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC activity-coefficient models. The models with their best-fitted interaction parameters of the binary systems were used to predict the ternary vapor–liquid equilibrium. All VLE data are also used to calculate the reduced excess molar Gibbs free energy g^E/RT and the deviations in the boiling point ΔT. The calculated quantities of g^E/RT and ΔT were fitted to variable-degree polynomials in terms of liquid composition.     

Characterization of supported Pd-Pt catalysts by chemical probes

The temperature programmed (palladium) hydride decomposition appeared very effective method for diagnosing the extent of alloying in Pd-Pt/SiO₂ catalysts. Introduction of Pt to Pd catalysts moves the TPHD peak gradually towards lower temperatures and the shift in hydride decomposition peak is accompanied by a decrease in the amount of released hydrogen. The catalysts prepared the direct redox method showed much better alloy homogeneity than the samples prepared by coimpregnation. The results of probing with other techniques, i.e. catalytic probing with hydrodechlorination of CCl₂F₂ and XRD, were in line with TPHD data. The catalytic probing showed the presence of synergistic effect, a clear indication of Pd-Pt mixing. XRD data of post-reaction samples showed carbon incorporation into Pd-rich phase, whereas separate Pt-rich phase did not experience any bulk carbiding.     

Al2O3对唐钢高炉炉渣性能的影响

针对唐钢近2年提高进口矿配比后，Al2O3含量升高对炉渣流动性带来的不利影响，对唐钢高炉的炉渣性能进行了试验研究。并结合国内同行业的生产实践经验，从理论上分析了炉渣中Al2O3及MgO的适宜含量范围，着重论述了唐钢所处冀东矿区条件下降低Al2O3的主要途径及适应高Al2O3炉渣的具体措施。     

固体超强酸S_2O_8~(2-)/SnO_2-SiO_2催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

采用沉淀-浸渍法制备了固体超强酸S2O28-/SnO2-SiO2,以它为催化剂催化环己酮和1,2-丙二醇合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮;考察了带水剂种类及用量、酮醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间对产品收率的影响,并用正交实验对反应条件进行了优化。实验结果表明,适宜的反应条件为:n(环己酮)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.6、催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的2.0%、带水剂环己烷用量5.0mL、反应时间50min。在此条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮收率达到91.47%;催化剂的稳定性良好,在重复使用5次后环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮收率为82.20%,活性下降的主要原因为催化剂表面积碳和吸附了有机物;经傅里叶变换红外光谱和气相色谱质谱分析表明,产物为环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮,纯度为100%。     

Response surface methodology applied for Orange II photocatalytic degradation in TiO2 aqueous suspensions

BACKGROUND: Heterogeneous photocatalysis is influenced by a number of parameters involving synergistic effects; hence, an experimental strategy design that considers interactions between the main variables is needed. The response surface methodology was applied for the investigation of photodegradation of 20 mg L^?1 Orange II in aqueous solutions and for optimization of color removal efficiency. Preliminary studies were performed to identify the parameters to be selected for optimization. RESULTS: The input variables considered for experimental design were: solution initial pH, oxidizing agent (H₂O₂) initial concentration and UV‐A irradiation time. The multivariate experimental design allowed the development of a quadratic response surface model to be used for the prediction of color removal efficiency over the full range of the experimental region. Under the optimum conditions established in the region of experimentation (pH = 6.9, [H₂O₂]₀ = 183 mg L^?1 and t = 32 min), a 100% color removal efficiency was obtained in experiments. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that the variables considered have important effects on color removal efficiency. The results demonstrate that the use of experimental design strategy is indispensable for successful investigation and adequate modeling of the process because the interdependence of the reaction parameters cannot be neglected. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry