Structure evolution of conductive polymer composites revealed by solvent vapor induced time-dependent percolation

The authors of this paper synthesized a series of amphiphilic triblock copolymers of polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polystyrene (PS-PEG-PS) having different PEG/PS ratios with nearly identical molecular weights of the entire copolymers. The interfacial interactions in the composites consisting of carbon black and the copolymers can thus be tailored. When these conducting composites are exposed to certain solvent vapors, their electrical resistances greatly increase, showing the gas sensitivity. The present work indicated that this switching behavior is controlled by the structural relaxation of the composites because matrix swelling acts as the main mechanism. The response time has been correlated with absolute temperature by Arrhenius equation, and the estimated activation energy reflects mobility of the fillers involved in the solvent induced expansion of the surrounding polymer. Therefore, by using the gas sensibility of the conductive composites, the structure evolution of the composite materials in solid state and the effect of filler/matrix interfacial interaction on the relaxation property of the matrix polymer has been inspected. It was found that lower activation energy represents stronger interfacial interaction in case good solvent of the matrix was used for the test.     

Surface characteristics of fluorine-modified PAN-based carbon fibers

Different fluorination methods were applied to modify the surface properties of carbon fibers. The relationship between the degree of fluorination and the physicochemical properties of carbon fibers was studied using a combination of mechanical tests, elemental analysis (EA), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). EA and XPS analyses of fluorinated carbon fibers showed that treatment with mixtures of F₂/O₂ introduced a much higher fluorine concentration than that with F₂ only. However, XRD analysis showed that there was no increase in the interlayer distance, due to the mild fluorination condition applied. Consequently, the oxyfluorination was one of the more effective methods to increase surface polarity of carbon fibers, which probably played an important role in improving the tensile properties of the fibers in the epoxy resin system.     

基于MPEG-4标准的VOD业务探讨

MPEG-4是动态图像专家组(MPEG)标准家庭中的一员，是国际化标准组织为多媒体通信制定的一种解决方案。介绍了MPEG-4支持的新功能和特点，并阐述了MPEG-4的关键技术，在此基础上对MPEG-4在视频点播业务中的应用问题进行了探讨。     

基于EWB的D/A数模转换器的仿真研究

阐述了D／A转换器的仿真原理，给出了T形电阻网络D／A转换器仿真模型的构造方法，并采用EWB进行了系统仿真，仿真结果表明该方法是合理、可行的。     

A Study of AlN Films Prepared by Arc Ion Plating

Hexagonal AlN films have been obtained by arc ion plating at different negative biases ,X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results show that AlN films with smooth surfaces and (002) preferred orientation are obtained at low biases ,whereas those with coarse surfaces and (100) preferred orientation are obtained at high biases,The formation mechanism of AlN is analyzed and the experiment results are discussed,The effect of bias on adhesion strength has also been examined.     

绝缘电阻的数字测量

介绍如何利用AD674A来完成绝缘电阻的数字测量，阐述了硬件结构与软件设计。     

Understanding chemical reactions between carbons and NaOH and KOH: An insight into the chemical activation mechanism

Direct mixing of an anthracite with hydroxides (KOH or NaOH) and heat treatment up to 730 °C has shown to be a very good activation procedure to obtain activated carbons with very high surface areas and high micropore volumes. The reactions involved during the heat treatment of these hydroxide/anthracite mixtures have been analysed to deep into the fundamental of the knowledge of this chemical activation process, that has not been studied before. For this purpose, the present paper analyses the drying process, the atmosphere during the carbonisation, the chemical state of the activating agents (NaOH, KOH and Na₂CO₃) and the chemical reactions occurring during the heat treatment which have been followed by FTIR and TPD. The analysis of our results allows us to conclude that steam is a good atmosphere for the carbonisation process, alone or joined with nitrogen, but not as good as pure nitrogen. On the other hand, during the activation process, the presence of CO₂ should be avoided because it does not develop porosity. The reactions, and chemical changes, involved during this chemical process are discussed both from a thermodynamical point of view as well as identifying the reaction products (H₂ by TPD and Na₂CO₃ by FTIR). As a result, this paper helps to cover the present lack of understanding of the fundamentals of the reactions of an anthracite with hydroxides which are necessary to understand the activation of the material.     

Phase composition and properties of solid solutions of GdFeO3–GdInO3 bulks

Solid solutions of the GdFeO₃–GdInO₃ system were prepared at 1550 °C by ceramic powder processing. The formulated composition was Gd(Fe_1−xIn_x)O₃ (GFI) with the indium contents at x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0. A stable phase of Gd(Fe_1/3In_2/3)O₃ in our system was identified by X-ray diffraction and phase composition analysis. Multi-phase morphologies were observed for GFI bulks with x = 0.5 and 0.75. Dielectric and electrical properties of the GFI bulks were investigated. The addition of 25% In³⁺ in GdFeO₃ had an obvious enhancement in polarization and led to an elevated resonance frequency. Dielectric properties of GFI bulks except GdInO₃ were strongly dependent upon the test frequency, which corresponded to the response of polarization mechanism. GdInO₃ displayed as a stable dielectric, which was frequency- and temperature-insensitive. GdInO₃ was thermally activated and became leaky until above 600 °C.     

一种廉价实用的双积分A/D转换器

介绍用51单片机和通用分立器件构成的双积分A／D转换器，文中给出了详细的源程序清单。