水声通信中多普勒系数估计方法研究

本文针对水声通信中的多普勒效应,提出一种基于Notch滤波器的多普勒系数估计方法,该方法利用Notch滤波器对经过信道的窄带CW脉冲信号频率进行估计,进而得到多普勒系数,并与基于宽带信号的多普勒系数方法进行对比分析。通过计算机仿真基于CW脉冲频率估计与基于宽带信号的多普勒系数估计方法就估计性能进行了对比研究,详细地给出了两种方法各自的优缺点与适用场合。     

达克曲克水电站溢洪道空化空蚀问题研究

国内首个成功运用通气减蚀措施避免泄水建筑物空蚀的工程是冯家山水库.与冯家山大坝一样,达克曲克水电站属中坝工程,最大坝高62.6m,有必要讨论表孔溢洪道泄槽空化空蚀问题.采用时启燧等提出的掺气挑坎临界坎高的经典算法以及空化空蚀相关规范,通过理论计算与实际分析表明:①在溢洪道泄槽段无需设置掺气挑坎;②在没有掺气减蚀措施的情况下,计算施工不平整度按要求控制可以有效避免空化空蚀.     

超低水头竖井贯流式水轮机模型试验

为研究超低水头下竖井贯流式水轮机的能量特性和空化特性,对一种额定水头为2.10 m的超低水头竖井贯流式水轮机进行模型试验。基于河海大学水力机械多功能试验台,采用压差传感器、电磁流量计、扭矩仪等仪器对不同导叶开度、不同叶片安放角下GD-WS-35型水轮机的水头、流量和扭矩等参数进行测试,并绘制了水轮机模型综合特性曲线。试验结果表明:当叶片安放角为23°,导叶开度为65°时,在额定水头2.10 m条件下,模型水轮机的流量为0.398 m3/s,效率为83.34%,出力为6.838kW,对应原型水轮机的流量为9.96m3/s,效率为85.14%,出力为174.7 kW,水轮机具有良好的能量特性;当叶片安放角为23°,导叶开度为65°时,水轮机具有良好的空化性能。     

溢洪道底板空蚀发生位置及抗空蚀措施分析

以肯斯瓦特水利枢纽工程为例,通过水工模型试验,测试其设计水位工况下和泄洪消能标准水位工况下溢洪道泄洪时底板的流速及压力分布,并根据空化理论模型对其底板沿程空化数进行了计算。结果表明:可以通过溢洪道流速特性和底板压力分布来分析过流面的空化空蚀特点;在实际工程中,可采用优化过流面的体形、设置掺气减蚀设施、控制溢流面的不平整度以及使用抗空蚀材料等方法来防止空化和空蚀的发生。     

EXPERIMENTAL ESTIMATION OF A SCALING EXPONENT FOR TIP VORTEX CAVITATION VIA ITS INCEPTION TEST IN FULL- ANDMODEL-SHIP

Tip vortex cavitation noise of marine propeller became primary concerns to reduce hazardous environmental impacts from commercial ship or to keep the underwater surveillance of naval ships. The investigations of the tip vortex and its induced noise are normally conducted through the model test in a water cavitation tunnel. However the Reynolds number of model-test is much smaller than that of the full-scale, which subsequently results in the difference of tip vortex cavitation inception. Hence, the scaling law between model-and full-scales needs to be identified prior to the prediction and assessment of propeller noise in full scale. From previous researches, it is generally known that the incipient caivtation number of tip vortex can be represented as a power of the Reynolds number. However, the power exponent for scaling, which is the main focus of this research, has not been clearly studied yet. This paper deals with the estimation of scaling exponent based on tip vortex cavitation inception test in both full-and model-scale ships. Acoustical measurements as well as several kind of signal processing technique for an inception criterion suggest the scaling exponent as 0.30. The scaling value proposed in this study shows slight difference to the one of most recent research. Besides, extrapolation of model-ship noise measurement using the proposed one predicts the full-scale noise measurement with an acceptable discrepancy.     

APPLICATION OF QUADRATIC AND CUBIC TURBULENCE MODELS ON CAVITATING FLOWS AROUND SUBMERGED OBJECTS

Quadratic and cubic Non-Linear Eddy-Viscosity Models(NLEVMs) at low Reynolds number correction were introduced into the present Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) framework,to provide better numerical treatment about the anisotropic turbulence stress in cavitating flows,which have large density ratio and large-scaled swirling flow structures.The applications of these NLEVMs were carried out through a self-developed cavitation code,coupled with a cavitation model based on the transport equation of liquid phase.These NLEVMs were firstly validated by the benchmark of disk supercavity,and found able to obtain more accurate capture of the hydrodynamic properties than the linear models.One of such models was further applied on the cavitation problem of submerged vehicles.Ultimately,the supercavitating flows around an especially designed underwater vehicle were predicted using the cubic turbulence model,and its cavitation behaviors were studied.     

Validation of dynamic cavitation model for unsteady cavitating flow on NACA66

Unsteady cavitating flow is extremely complicated and brings more serious damages and unignorable problems compared with steady cavitating flow.CFD has become a practical way to model cavitation;however,the popularly used full cavitation model cannot reflect the pressure-change that the bubble experiences during its life path in the highly unsteady flow like cloud cavitating.Thus a dynamic cavitation model(DCM)is proposed and it has been considered to have not only the first-order pressure effects but also zero-order effect and can provide greater insight into the physical process of bubble producing,developing and collapsing compared to the traditional cavitation model.DCM has already been validated for steady cavitating flow,and the results were reported.Furthermore,DCM is designed and supposed to be more accurate and efficient in modeling unsteady cavitating flow,which is also the purpose of this paper.The basic characteristic of the unsteady cavitating flow,such as the vapor volume fraction distribution and the evolution of pressure amplitude and frequency at different locations of the hydrofoil,are carefully studied to validate DCM.It is found that not only these characteristics mentioned above accord well with the experimental results,but also some detailed transient flow information is depicted,including the re-entrant jet flow that caused the shedding of the cavity,and the phenomenon of two-peak pressure fluctuation in the vicinity of the cavity closure in a cycle.The numerical results validate the capability of DCM for the application of modeling the complicated unsteady cavitating flow.     

圆柱体出筒过程头型对流体动力的影响

针对圆柱体出筒过程头型对流体动力特性的影响,采用多相流Mixture模型、Singhal空化模型和标准的k-ε湍流模型的方法,并结合动网格技术,求解混合介质RANS方程,实现了圆柱体运动的动边界与流场的流体-固体耦合求解.以此为基础,对有重力影响下的3种头型的圆柱体出筒过程和流体动力特性进行了数值模拟,分析了头型对圆柱体出筒过程中水弹道及其流体动力特性的影响,以及圆柱体压差系数、粘性系数和总力系数变化规律及波动原因.得到模型Ⅲ出筒过程中流体动力变化较小和水弹道比较稳定的结论,为工程实际应用提供有意义的理论指导.     

水泵汽蚀防护措施的研究现状

介绍了水泵汽蚀现象、危害及影响因素,对水泵汽蚀防护的各种措施进行了阐述.     

Determination of J–R curves of thermoplastic starch composites containing crossed quasi-unidirectional flax fiber reinforcement

Thermoplastic starch (MaterBi) composites reinforced with quasi-unidirectional flax fiber in cross-ply (CP) arrangement were produced by film stacking followed by hot pressing. These composites, containing various amount of flax, failed ductilely with pronounced crack growth. Therefore, to determine their fracture mechanical behaviour the J-integral resistance curve concept (J–R) was applied. As the crack growth could not be traced, attempt was made to use the located acoustic emission (AE) events for that purpose. It was established that weighting and smoothing the located cumulative AE amplitudes the crack path can be correctly reconstructed. This was proved by collating the AE results with those derived from infrared thermographic (IT) inspection. Knowing the crack propagation at each point of the force–displacement curves the J–R curves could be determined. Both critical or initiation J-integral and tearing modulus went through a minimum with increase of flax content in the composites.