Accumulation of amplified target DNAs using thiol/biotin labeling, S1 nuclease, and ferrocene-streptavidin-magnetic system and a direct detection of specific DNA signals with screen printed gold electrode

Combinations of PCR-based amplification platform using 5′ thiolated and biotinylated specific primers, S1 nuclease-PCR products treatment, ferrocene-streptavidin (Fc-Stv)-magnetic binding for DNA accumulation, and screen printed gold electrode for the DNA allocation, were applied to Hoechst 33258-induced DNA aggregation and signals induction system for direct signals detection and DNA quantification in food samples. Thiolated and biotinylated at each 5′ terminus enabled DNA purification through S1 nuclease treatment for primers and non-specific DNA elimination and enabled DNA trapping with a ferrocene-streptavidin-magnetic system. This facilitated the accumulation of target DNAs at higher concentration, resulting in enhanced signals. After allocation of DNA on the surface of gold electrode via thiol binding, intensity of DNA signals through these treatments could be measured directly after being induced by Hoechst 33258. Wider amplitude changes in anodic current peaks between negative and positive samples (increasing from 3.70 to 10.10 μA) compared with those applied with no treatment combinations (decreasing from 3.92 to 1.23 μA) were observed. This enhancement of the signals allowed a greater efficiency of DNA quantification. When this combination was used for GMOs content estimation in reference samples, results revealed an improved accuracy from 66% to 96%. The combined biosensor system, although more costly than the standard Hoechst 33258/carbon electrode system, provided an alternative choice for DNA quantification, offering labor-free immobilization of probe onto electrode surface, easy test administration, and efficient semi-quantitative test without expensive instruments.     

Diffusion-controlled size-selective chloride ion sensing in the presence of bromide ion using a thin, nanoporous, plasma-polymerized coating on an Ag/AgCl electrode

We have developed a diffusion-controlled size-selective method for sensing chloride ion in the presence of bromide ion, based on a thin, nanoporous, plasma-polymerized coating of hexamethyldisiloxane on an Ag/AgCl electrode. Sub-nanometer-sized pores responsible for a highly cross-linked polymer network in the plasma-polymerized coating allowed diffusion-controlled permeation of chloride ion while blocking the larger bromide ion. An electrode coating of thickness greater than 70 nm enabled chloride detection in the concentration range 1-10 mM in the presence of 0.63 mM bromide ion. Advantages of this approach are: (1) simple design compared with ionophore-based strategies and (2) compatibility with microfabrication and mass production processes.     

Characterization of two-phase nickel aluminides produced by pressure-assisted combustion synthesis

Two-phase (B2+L1₂) nickel aluminide intermetallic compounds were synthesized by the pressure-assisted volume combustion synthesis (CS). The production and characterization of the samples containing NiAl+Ni₃Al were investigated. Aluminum (99% pure, 15 μm) and carbonyl nickel (99.8 pure, 4-7 μm) powders were used. The production of intermetallic compound was carried out at 1050 °C under 150 MPa uniaxial pressure in open air atmosphere in an electrical resistance furnace for 60 min. The formation temperature of intermetallic compound was determined by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis, and exothermic temperature of powder mixture was determined as 653 °C. The characterization of samples was confirmed by optical microscope, SEM and XRD analysis. It was observed that the structure of compound has very low porosity and the formation of NiAl was completed successfully. The relative density of test materials measured according to Archimedes’ principle was 98.04%. The microhardness of test materials was about 351 HVN₁.     

深部调剖驱油交联剂的研究

为提高非均质性严重的地层原油采出率 ,合成了用于聚合物驱油的 4种交联剂 ,并对聚合物种类、用量和其与交联剂组成的体系进行了评价。 4 0℃下铝交联剂凝胶粘度低 ,酚醛树脂交联剂低温下不成胶 ,而有机铬交联剂 (J2 )和有机复合胺 (J3)交联效果好。当选用HPAM/有机铬交联剂 /有机酸交联体系时 ,其中HPAM相对分子质量为 2 1× 10 7,可通过改变体系pH值调节成胶速度 ,pH值 6 5时 ,14 0 0mg/LHPAM和 4 0 0mg/LJ2组成的体系在 4 0℃、30d可形成粘度为12 0mPa·s以上的凝胶 ,且热稳定性好 ,成胶时间能满足现场施工需要。 14 0 0mg/LHPAM和10 0 0mg/LJ3交联剂组成的体系 ,成胶时间长 ,有利于油田深部调剖驱油     

Influence of Ni Interlayers on the Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V/(WC-Co) Friction Welds

Ni interlayers were introduced prior to dissimilar friction welding of Ti6Al4V base material to three cemented carbide substrates. The fracture strength of Ti6Al4V/(WC-6 wt% Co) welds were poor and were markedly improved when 20-µm thick Ni interlayers were introduced prior to dissimilar friction welding. These results were only produced when the (WC-6 wt% Co) cermet was electroplated prior to friction welding. When the Ti6Al4V alloy was electroplated prior to friction welding, fractured WC particles and cracking were observed in the (WC-Co) carbide substrate. The fracture strengths of Ti6Al4V/(WC-11 wt% Co) and Ti6Al4V/(WC-24 wt% Co) welds were not improved when 20-µm thick Ni interlayers were introduced prior to friction welding. During mechanical testing, the Ni layer retained at the dissimilar joint interface created a region of weakness.     

铝镁碳砖中三氧化二铝的测定

探讨了试样先灼烧除碳，再加混合熔剂副熔，盐酸溶液中浸取，采取氟盐置换法，测定铝镁碳砖中三氧化二铝，终点易于判断，结果令人满意。     

硫酸/盐酸比例和Al~(3+)含量对铝箔隧道孔生长的影响

研究了硫酸/盐酸比例、温度和Al3+含量对高纯铝箔隧道孔生长的影响,发现随着硫酸浓度增加,温度对隧道孔极限长度和孔径的影响减小,在本文条件下隧道孔生长的临界温度最低可降低到35℃。在电解液中一定含量的Al3+可以避免铝箔表面形成大孔,从而改善隧道孔分布均匀性。     

Premixed metal fibre burners based on a Pd catalyst

As an alternative to previously developed catalytic FeCrAlloy fibre mat burners based on perovskite catalysts, new catalytic burners have been developed based on Pd catalyst on lantana-stabilised Al₂O₃ and different fibre structures (NIT100A, NIT100S and NIT200S by ACOTECH NV). All development steps are considered, shifting from catalyst preparation (based on combustion synthesis of γ-Al₂O₃) to the optimisation of lantana and Pd loadings, from the definitions of the best catalyst-deposition conditions (washcoating) to the catalytic burners performances, determined in an ad hoc developed combustion chamber. The results show almost half pollutants emissions and better performance compared to various non-catalytic counterparts, especially as far as CO and NO_x emissions are concerned. Some flame instability problems were though registered, especially for one of the catalytic burner mattresses employed, at low specific power inputs and excesses of air (<375 kW/m² and <12%, respectively). Further, PdO/Pd transition is shown to influence the dynamic behaviour of the catalytic burners.     

Complete oxidation of methane at low temperature over Pt and Pd catalysts for the abatement of lean-burn natural gas fuelled vehicles emissions: influence of water and sulphur containing compounds

The catalytic activity of fresh Pd and Pt catalysts supported on γ-alumina in the complete oxidation of CH₄ traces under lean-burn conditions was studied in the presence or the absence of water or H₂S. Steam-aged catalysts were also studied in order to simulate long-term ageing in real lean-burn natural gas fuelled vehicles (NGVs) exhaust conditions. Without water or H₂S added to the feed, Pd catalysts exhibit a superior catalytic activity in methane oxidation compared to Pt ones, whatever the catalysts were fresh or aged. The addition of 10 vol.% water vapour to the feed strongly affects the activity of the fresh Pd catalyst, thus being only slightly more efficient than the fresh Pt one. H₂S has a strong poisoning effect on the catalytic activity of Pd catalysts, while Pt catalysts are more resistant. The fresh H₂S-poisoned Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst was studied by TPD in O₂/He. Poisoning species decompose above 873 K as SO₂ and O₂ in relative concentrations consistent with the decomposition of surface sulphate species. However, a treatment in O₂/He at temperatures as high as 923 K does not allow the complete regeneration of the catalytic activity of H₂S-poisoned Pd/Al₂O₃. A mechanism involving the poisoning of PdO by sulphate species is proposed. Different diffusion processes by which these sulphate species can migrate back and forth between PdO and the support, depending on the experimental conditions, are suggested.     

定向凝固Al/C复合材料研究

本文首次进行了Al/C(SiC)复合材料定向凝固,研究了复合材料定向凝固过程以及组织形态与凝固速率的关系,获得了纤维束间胞晶和不同间距的树枝晶,发现非润湿系统复合材料定向凝固后性能降低,文中对其机制进行了探讨.