反应热压(Al2O3+TiB2+Al3Ti)/Al复合材料的组织形成机制

采用B或B2O3、TiO2和Al粉反应热压制备了原位 (Al2O3 TiB2 Al3Ti)/Al复合材料,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了原位复合材料的显微组织.热压状态下,反应生成相Al3Ti呈大块不规则形状,尺寸约几十微米; Al2O3和TiB2为细小弥散质点,TEM分析发现TiB2颗粒呈六边形,而Al2O3颗粒呈等轴状.在以Al粉、TiO2粉和B粉为原料制备的复合材料中,除反应生成了大块的Al3Ti相外,还有细小针状Al3Ti相沉淀析出,且呈弥散分布.热挤压后大块的Al3Ti被破碎成细小弥散质点.Al2O3在TiO2和B2O3粉末表面生成; TiB2在B或B2O3粉表面形成,因而均呈弥散分布,且尺寸细小.自TiO2中还原出的Ti溶入液态Al中形成Al3Ti时,Ti可在液态Al中长距离扩散,因而Al3Ti呈大块不规则状.     

Deformation behaviour and oxidation resistance of single-phase and two-phase L21-ordered Fe–Al–Ti alloys

Single-phase Fe–Al–Ti alloys with the Heusler-type L2₁ structure and two-phase L2₁ Fe–Al–Ti alloys with MgZn₂-type Laves phase or Mn₂₃Th₆-type τ₂ phase precipitates were studied with respect to hardness at room temperature, compressive 0.2% yield stress at 20–1100 °C, brittle-to-ductile transition temperature (BDTT), creep resistance at 800 and 1000 °C and oxidation resistance at 20–1000 °C. At high temperatures the L2₁ Fe–Al–Ti alloys show considerable strength and creep resistance which are superior to other iron aluminide alloys. Alloys with not too high Ti and Al contents exhibit a yield stress anomaly with a maximum at temperatures as high as 750 °C. BDTT ranges between 675 and 900 °C. Oxidation at 900 °C is controlled by parabolic scale growth.     

Evaluation of high temperature corrosion resistance of a Ni3Al (Mo) alloy

The sulfidation/oxidation and carburization resistances of a Ni₃Al(Mo) (IC-6) alloy at high temperatures were investigated in this work. The corrosion kinetics of the IC-6 alloy was found to follow parabolic rate law in an environment of high partial pressures of sulfur (10⁻⁵ atm) and low partial pressures of oxygen (<10⁻²⁰ atm) at 700 °C. Because the Ni sulfides are readily formed at the testing temperature, the sulfidation/oxidation resistance of the IC-6 alloy is similar to that of commercial Ni–Cr alloys in the current environments, although IC-6 is alloyed with Al. Compared with the HP heat resistant steel which is commonly used in the petrochemical industry, the IC-6 alloy possesses significantly improved resistance to carburization at 1100 °C. The mechanisms governing the corrosion attack in the environments used in this investigation were also discussed.     

Effect of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> particles on the microstructure and sliding wear of 7075 Al alloy manufactured by squeeze casting method

Aluminum (Al) alloy 7075 reinforced with Al₂O₃ particles was prepared using the stir casting method. The microstructure of the cast composites showed some degree of porosity and sites of Al₂O₃ particle clustering, especially at high-volume fractions of Al₂O₃ particles. Different squeeze pressures (25 and 50 MPa) were applied to the cast composite during solidification to reduce porosity and particle clusters. Microstructure examinations of the squeeze cast composites showed remarkable grain refining compared with that of the matrix alloy. As the volume fraction of particles and applied squeeze pressure increased, the hardness linearly increased. This increase was related to the modified structure and the decrease in the porosity. The effect of particle volume fraction and squeeze pressure on the dry-sliding wear of the composites was studied. Experiments were performed at 10, 30, and 50 N with a sliding speed of 1 m/s using a pin-on-ring apparatus. Increasing the particle volume fraction and squeeze pressure improved the wear resistance of the composite compared with that of the monolithic alloy, because the Al₂O₃ particles acted as load-bearing constituents. Also, these results can be attributed to the fact that the application of squeeze pressure during solidification led to a reduction in the porosity, and an increase in the solidification rate, leading to a finer structure. Moreover, the application of squeeze pressure improved the interface strength between the matrix and Al₂O₃ particles by elimination of the porosity at the interface, thereby providing better mechanical locking.     

High temperature corrosion behavior of arc-sprayed aluminum coatings on steel

Aluminum coatings were sprayed on the substrate of steel Q235 by arc spraying. The test samples of Q235, Al coatings and Al coatings with seal coat were placed in box type electric resistance furnace at 400, 500,600, 650 ℃ when their oxidation behaviors were studied. And their oxidation kinetics curves were protracted. Microstructure, microhardness, bond strength and distribution of section elements were investigated by optical microscope(OM), Vickers microhardness instrument, electric tensile test machine and EPMA. Al coatings and Al coatings with seal coat can enhance the oxidation-resistance of substrate under 500 ℃. The latter has the best corrosion resistance. The coatings can't protect the substrate against oxidation above 600 ℃. After a long time corrosion there is enriched oxygen element at interface.     

Preparation of self-healing protective films on a zinc electrode treated in a cerium(III) nitrate solution and modified with sodium phosphate and cerium(III) nitrate

Self-healing protective films were prepared on a zinc electrode previously treated in a Ce(NO₃)₃ solution by modification with Na₃PO₄ and Ce(NO₃)₃. The protective and self-healing abilities of the films were examined by polarization measurements and observation of pit formation after the electrode was scratched with a knife-edge crosswise and immersed in oxygenated 0.5 M NaCl at 30 °C for many hours. Mechanisms of the protective and self-healing activities were discussed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron-probe microanalysis. The protective and self-healing abilities of the films prepared on the zinc electrode by treatment in the Ce(NO₃)₃ solution and modification with Na₃PO₄ plus Ca(NO₃)₂, Mg(NO₃)₂, Zn(NO₃)₂ or Ce(NO₃)₃ were summarized.     

玻璃熔窑池壁侵蚀机理的研究(二)

运用X射线衍射分析,对池壁各特征点处侵蚀前后的耐火材料试样通过受侵材料的X谱图所呈现出的衍射峰图进行所含晶相的分析,研究玻璃窑池壁的侵蚀机理以及不同点处的差异.     

纳米Pd修饰WO3电极及其催化析氢性能

将非晶结构Fe-W合金浸泡在0.5 mol/LH2SO4溶液中,在电极表面形成WO3层,厚度约720nm。通过化学法在半导体WO3上沉积金属Pd,扫描电镜和扫描隧道显微镜测试结果表明,沉积5m in后Pd的平均颗粒尺寸约为10 nm。在0.5 mol/LH2SO4溶液中的极化曲线测试结果表明,纳米Pd修饰WO3电极具有优异的电催化及光催化析氢活性,在500W碘钨灯照射下,电流密度为6 A/dm2时电极的析氢过电位减小30 mV以上。     

新型不锈钢基PbO2-WC-ZrO2复合电极材料的研制

在不锈钢基体上电沉积PbO2-WC-ZrO2复合镀层。研究了电沉积工艺参数对复合镀层的影响。确定了最佳工艺规范:J=3A/dm2,t=2.5h,θ=25°C,ρ(ZrO2)=40～50g/L,ρ(WC)=30～40g/L。获得了镀层结构均匀、致密,w(ZrO2)=4%～6%,w(WC)=7%～10%的PbO2-ZrO2-WC复合惰性阳极材料。将该阳极材料应用于电积锌其析氧电位为1700mV。新型PbO2-ZrO2-WC复合电极材料满足了惰性阳极材料的要求。     

树脂封装半导体元件去毛刺喷射磨塑料研究

以悬浮聚合法制备出不饱和聚酯树脂(UP)/Al2O3复合微粒作为喷射磨塑料,对比了其与日本磨塑料的粒径、密度、硬度、热变形温度等性能指标及其在实际应用中的打磨能力、磨损率及破碎率等指标。结果表明,自制的喷射磨塑料粒子的粒径、密度和打磨能力与日本生产的磨塑料相当,而硬度、热变形温度、磨损率和破碎回收率均优于日本产品。