快速凝固TiAl基合金微晶的显微组织

用气体雾化方法制备了Ti-34Al-2Mn合金的微晶粉末,粉末典型粒度为27μm。X射线衍射结果表明,快冷态的粉末主要由α_2相和少量γ相组成。金相组织显示出等轴块状晶粒和树枝状结晶两种形态。经900℃,2h真空退火后,大部分α_2相转变成γ相,使原来的组织更加细化。     

高铝锌基合金粉末冶金材料及其摩擦学特性初探

初步研究了高铝锌基合金的粉末冶金工艺及其材料的摩擦磨损性能。通过气喷气冷法制取合金粉末，用压制后真空烧结的方法制备高铝锌基合金粉末冶金材料。实验结果表明，高铝锌基合金的粉末冶金试样在干摩擦和油润滑条件下的磨损率及摩擦系数均小于同一合金的铸造试样，但其压溃强度有待提高。在实验的基础上还探讨了该材料的耐磨减摩机理     

低频电磁水平半连续铸造中磁场的分布及其对宏观偏析的影响

采用数值模拟的方法研究了低频电磁水平半连续铸造7075铝合金中不同强度及频率的磁场在熔体中的分布,并采用试验的方法研究了不同条件的磁场对铸锭宏观偏析的影响.将使用传统水平半连续铸造生产出的铸锭与低频电磁水平半连续铸造生产的铸锭进行了比较.研究结果表明:在传统水平半连续铸造工艺条件下,铸锭中易出现较严重的负偏析及重力偏析;然而,在低频电磁水平半连续铸造过程中,低频电磁场的存在明显削弱了铸锭中的宏观偏析.此外,磁场在熔体中的分布情况将直接影响其作用效果,提高磁场强度及适当降低磁场频率均有利于对宏观偏析的改善.     

Influence of Atomizing Gases on the Oxide-Film Morphology and Thickness of Aluminum Powders

Fine powders of aluminum were produced in a pilot-plant, inert-gas atomizerwith a confined-design nozzle, which operated vertically upward. Argonand helium at 1.85 MPa and nitrogen at 1.56 MPa were used as the atomizingagent. The morphology of the powder particles was examined by SEM. Powderswere sieved dry and wet. The Sauter mean diameter of the powders varied from20.70 to 10.25 m depending on the atomizing gas. The distribution ofsizes was bimodal. The mean thickness of oxide on the surface of the powderwas calculated from the total oxygen contents of powder samples (determinedby a Leco analyzer). In addition, ESCA measurements and BET tests werecarried out for surface-oxide thickness and area measurements,respectively. The finest powder produced under helium incorporated thinnersurface-oxide layers than the coarser ones produced under argon andnitrogen. This was due to differences in physical properties (such asdensity, thermal conductivity) and flow properties (such as gasvelocity and relative velocity) of the atomizing gases used, i.e., helium,argon, and nitrogen. The oxide was very irregular in thickness in thecoarse-size range of the Al powders produced under argon and nitrogen. Thiswas presumably because of the high- and low-temperature oxidation ofaluminum droplets during the atomization and subsequent solidification andcooling periods leading to the rough surfaces observed with SEMinvestigation in the present work.     

Al5TiB对Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.3Mn镁合金阻尼性能的影响

研究了变质剂Al5TiB对Mg-8Zn-4Al-O．3Mn镁合金阻尼性能的影响。结果表明：Al5TiB的加入显著细化了Mg-8Zn-4Al-O．3Mn镁合金晶粒，增大了界面面积，提高了合金的界面阻尼。但是，Al5TiB的加入又促进了Al、Zn原子向基体中的扩散，降低了合金的位错阻尼。加入变质剂Al5TiB后Mg-8Zn-4Al-O．3Mn镁合金的阻尼机制主要是界面阻尼和位错阻尼。二者迭加的结果决定了ZA84镁合金的宏观阻尼行为。     

Large magnetic-field-induced strains in rare earth polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga

The magnetic-field-induced strains (MFIS) of polycrystalline Ni50Mn29Ga21 alloys containing Tb were studied. A large MFIS of-1.10% was obtained under compressive prestress conditions. The addition of Tb can fine the crystal grains, enhance the bending strength obviously, and make MFIS increase further, indicating that a moderate amount of Tb does not hinder twin boundary motion and it conversely makes the material more practical.     

Effect of amide type modified rapeseed oil as lubricating additive on friction and wear behavior of steel-steel and steel-aluminum alloy systems

A new type of environmentally friendly lube additive-amide type modified rapeseed oil was synthesized and characterized by infrared spectrum. Its effect on the friction and wear behavior of steel-steel and steel-aluminum alloy systems were investigated with a four-ball machine and an Optimol SRV friction and wear tester respectively.The morphographies of the worn surfaces were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The worn surfaces of the 2024Al alloy block were analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The results show that the modified rapeseed oil as additives can obviously decrease the wear rate and friction coefficient of steel pair and steel-aluminum frictional pair. Its lubrication mechanism is inferred that a high strength complex protection films form on the worn surface of the Al alloy due to the adsorption or tribochemistry reaction of a long chain additive molecule and high reaction activity of N element.     

钛合金表面激光熔覆涂层的研究进展

激光熔覆是钛合金表面改性的重要技术手段之一,已成为当前研究热点。综述了国内外关于钛合金表面激光熔覆抗高温耐氧化、耐腐蚀、耐磨损和生物陶瓷等涂层的熔覆材料、熔覆层相组成和强化机理等的研究现状。其中,抗高温耐氧化涂层主要由于TiO_2、Al_2O_3等相的隔氧作用,提高了钛合金在高温下的抗氧化性;耐腐蚀涂层主要由于Ti N和Ti2Ni等相的固溶强化及细小针状马氏体α’等的细晶强化,提高了其耐腐蚀性;耐磨损涂层主要由于Ti C、Ti B、Ti B2等相的弥散强化作用,提高了涂层的耐磨性;生物陶瓷涂层由于HA、Ca O等相的存在,增强了钛合金的生物相容性。其次,阐述了由于熔覆材料与基材的热物性差异、试样预处理不当和工艺调控不当等因素引起的未熔颗粒、球化效应、裂纹、气孔和夹杂等主要缺陷,以及调控激光功率、扫描速度等工艺参数,预热基体材料,通入保护气体和加入适当成分添加剂等控制和改善相关缺陷的措施。最后,展望了钛合金表面激光熔覆涂层和技术的发展方向。     

铝合金表面微弧氧化陶瓷层摩擦学性能的研究

利用微弧氧化技术在以硅酸钠为主要溶质,配以辅助添加剂Na2WO4、KOH、Na2EDTA的电解液中,在LY12铝合金表面原位生长陶瓷层。用WTM-1E型球-盘磨损实验机对试样的摩擦学性能进行了研究,并用SEM、XRD分析了微弧氧化陶瓷层的表面形貌和相结构。结果表明:铝合金在电流密度10 A/dm2,电解液温度40～60℃,处理时间10～60 min条件下,可以原位形成均匀致密的表面陶瓷改性层。微弧氧化处理后的试样在干摩擦小滑动距离下表现出良好的耐磨性能。     

铝合金热喷涂技术的研究进展和应用展望

分析了国内外铝基材料热喷涂技术研究所取得的成就和存在的问题，提出了涂层材料的设计和热喷涂工艺选择的原则，探讨了涂层与基体的结合机理以及提高其结合强度的措施，并对铝基材料采用热喷涂技术的应用进行了展望。