Comparison of supports for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from H2 and O2 using Au–Pd catalysts

The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from H₂ and O₂ using a range of supported Au–Pd alloy catalysts is compared for different supports using conditions previously identified as being optimal for hydrogen peroxide synthesis, i.e. low temperature (2 °C) using a water–methanol solvent mixture and short reaction time. Five supports are compared and contrasted, namely Al₂O₃, -Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, SiO₂ and carbon. For all catalysts the addition of Pd to the Au only catalyst increases the rate of hydrogen peroxide synthesis as well as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide formed. Of the materials evaluated, the carbon-supported Au–Pd alloy catalysts give the highest reactivity. The results show that the support can have an important influence on the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from the direct reaction. The effect of the methanol–water solvent is studied in detail for the 2.5 wt% Au–2.5 wt% Pd/TiO₂ catalyst and the ratio of methanol to water is found to have a major effect on the rate of hydrogen peroxide synthesis. The optimum mixture for this solvent system is 80 vol.% methanol with 20 vol.% water. However, the use of water alone is still effective albeit at a decreased rate. The effect of catalyst mass was therefore also investigated for the water and water–methanol solvents and the observed effect on the hydrogen peroxide productivity using water as a solvent is not considered to be due to mass transfer limitations. These results are of importance with respect to the industrial application of these Au–Pd catalysts.     

Strengths and ductility of Mo–TiC alloys after secondary recrystallization

A series of Mo–TiC alloys were heated in vacuum at 2473 K for 36 ks. First grain growth behavior was observed using a scanning electron microscope. Then effects of TiC addition on the strengths and ductility at low temperature were discussed from the viewpoints of chemical composition and grain structure.

Materials with TiC additions of not larger than 0.1% demonstrated a single-crystalline grain structure. Both yield and maximum strengths increased by TiC addition and consequently ductility was improved.     

富Ag的Ag—Cu合金再结晶

用度测量、示差扫描量热（ＤＳＣ）、金相显微镜、透射电镜等技术研究了富Ａｇ的Ａｇ－Ｃｕ合金的再结晶。对合金再结晶温室随Ｃｕ含量的变化规律以及在相同变形量下，Ｃｕ含量对合金再结晶过程中冷加工储存能的释放的影响进行探索，并讨论了结果。     

节能型铝合金连续熔化－去气炉

介绍一种用于铝合金的连续熔化－去气的节能装置。着重讨论了此装置的结构和操作要点以及影响铝合金质量的因素。文中对比了此装置与传统阶段式熔化系统操作上的异同点。分析了连续熔化炉的经济效益。研究表明毛坯耗电量下降８５％，并可减少合金元素加入量以及坩埚和加热元件的消耗。铸件质量合格。     

铝在醚类电解质中的电沉积

本文综合了近期有机试剂中电沉积铝的有关文献，主要介绍了铝在ＡｌＣｌ３与乙醚、四氢呋喃（ＴＨＦ）、１－甲基－３乙基咪唑氯化物（ＭＥＩＣ）、Ｎ－（ｎ－丁基）吡啶氯化物（ＢＰＣ）等满替代的翁盐等组成的电解质中，电沉积的电极过程，以及在ＭＥＩＣ和ＢＰＣ中得到的铝层组织和结构的研究成果，并举例了沉积铝层的应用。     

介绍一种生产冲挤用铝合金坯料的新工艺

哈兹列特铝板带连铸连轧工艺已被成功地用于铝和铝合金冲击挤压用坯料的生产。在对哈氏四个有关用户扫描的基础上，列举了其产品及其用途，并介绍了相关工艺及其优点。     

Ti-Mo合金的氢化物热解析动力学研究

本文对不同钼含量的钛钼合金Ti(1-x)Mox(x=3,11,20,33,50,at%)氢化物的热解析动力学进行了研究, 在高真空金属系统中测试了合金氢化物热解析量随时间的变化关系,应用反应速率分析方法计算了解析速率常数和表观活化能.研究结果发现,氢化物的热解析过程可用一级反应速率方程来描述,而氢原子在合金体相中的扩散是热解析过程的控速步骤.热解析表观活化能随Mo含量的增加而减小,说明氢化物的热稳定性随Mo含量的增加而降低.     

Al-4%Cu过饱和合金在强磁场中时效行为

采用差示扫描量热仪分析并结合显微硬度测试、电子探针分析、透射电镜观察研究了10-T稳恒强磁场对Al-4％Cu（质量分数）合金130℃时效过程中各沉淀相析出行为的影响。结果表明：在低温时效初期强磁场的引入加速了铜的扩散，降低了G.P.（Ⅰ）区的溶解激活能，促进其溶解，各沉淀相的析出与溶解温度均向低温处移动，时效进程加快；另外，强磁场时效后沉淀相尺寸减小；施加强磁场试样的硬度明显高于未施加磁场试样的，时效硬化效果加强。     

The magnetic applications choice among ferrite ceramics,metallic strips,or metal powder cores

Iron-based metallic strip materials such as iron, silicon-iron, and amorphous metal are used for low frequency (50–60 Hz. line) power applications. Low-loss Nickel-based alloys as high permeability strip or insulated powder cores are the choices for stable, low-level higher frequency applications. Iron-based powder cores offer low cost as power supply filter chokes. Ceramic ferrites combine highest frequency operation with low cost and reduced component size as transformers and chokes in telecommunication and high frequency power supply applications.     

Thermophysical Properties of W–Re Alloys Above the Melting Region

In earlier experiments we have studied pure elements with a fast pulse heating technique to obtain thermophysical properties of the liquid state. We report here results for thermophysical properties such as specific heat and dependences among enthalpy, electrical resistivity, and temperature, for four W–Re alloys (3.95, 21.03, 23.84, and 30.82 at % of Re) in a wide temperature range covering solid and liquid states. Thermal conductivity is calculated using the Wiedemann–Franz law for the liquid alloy, as.well as data for thermal diffusivity for the beginning of the liquid phase. Additionally, data for the entire temperature range studied have been analyzed in comparison with those of the constituent elements, tungsten and rhenium, since both metals have been studied previously with the same experimental technique. Such information is of interest in the field of metallurgy since W–Re alloys of low Re content in the region of mutual component solubility in the solid state are widely used as thermocouple materials for the purposes of high-temperature thermometry.