猕猴桃果汁对染铅小鼠驱铅效果观察

为观察猕猴桃果汁对染铅小鼠体内铅含量的影响,选用60只18～22g体重的昆明种雄性小鼠分为3个试验组、1个模型对照组和1个空白对照组进行实验观察.低、中、高剂量组和模型对照组小鼠自由饮用pb2 浓度为546.2 mg/L的水溶液,低、中、高剂量样品组分别灌胃给予10.0、20.0、40.0ml/kg BW剂量的受试液,模型对照组灌胃去离子水,空白对照组饮用、灌胃去离子水.实验期间记录饮用水量,连续30 d后,采血,取肝、股骨,用原子吸收分光光度法测定铅含量.结果发现,染铅各组铅摄入剂量相当,3个试验组小鼠全血铅和肝组织铅水平显著低于模型对照组,各剂量对小鼠股骨铅含量无明显影响.提示猕猴桃果汁具有促进排铅作用.     

建立促进排铅功能小鼠动物实验模型的初步研究

为研究促进排铅功能动物实验适宜模型条件，利用三水醋酸铅作为造模质量，使用清洁级昆明种健康小鼠209例，其中雄性小鼠179只，雌性30只，饮水（164mgPb^2 /L,546mgPb^2 /L,1638mgPb^2 /L)或饲料喂饲（224 mg/kg、728mg/kg、2240mg/kg）给阳小鼠染毒，分别观察10d和20d后测定肝，脑，股骨和血中的铅含量。观察小性别，染毒, 染毒方式，染毒剂量，造模时间对促进排铅功能小鼠模型建立的影响，结果表明小鼠性别对铅负荷小鼠模型无影响。（164mgPb^2 /L、546mgPb^2 /L、1638mgPb^2 /L三水醋酸铅水溶液饮水和224mg/kg、728mg/kg、2240mg/kg三水醋酸铅饲料喂饲，均可建立稳定的铅负荷小鼠模型。546mgPb^2 /L三水醋酸铅水溶液饮水染毒10d即可达到小鼠模型成立 的，该方法可以作为建立铅负荷小鼠模型的方法。     

Leonardo’s choice: the ethics of artists working with genetic technologies

Working with current methodologies of art, biology, and genetic technologies, the stated aims of artists working in this area include attempts both to critique the implications and outcomes of genetic technologies and to forge a new art practice involved in creating living beings using those technologies. It is this last ambition, the development of a new art practice involved in creating living beings, that this essay will particularly take to task by questioning the ethics of that goal and the uses of biotechnology in reaching it.

Evolution and development of control architectures in animats

This paper successively describes the works of Boers and Kuiper, Gruau, Cangelosi et al., Vaario, Dellaert and Beer, and Sims, which all evolve the developmental program of an artificial nervous system. The potentialities of these approaches for automatically devising a control architecture linking the perceptions and the actions of an animat are then discussed together with their possible contributions to the fundamental issue of assessing the adaptive values of development, learning and evolution.     

Vitamin A content (retinol and retinyl esters) in livers of different animals

In the present study, 90 animal livers of five different species (pig, cattle, calf, chicken, turkey) were examined for their vitamin A contents. The investigation of extracted vitamin A included all-trans retinol, retinyl palmitate, stearate, oleate and linoleate, expressed as retinol equivalents (RE). The separation of the various chemical forms was done using HPLC. The liver vitamin A contents ranged between 6.5 and 18.9 mg RE/100 g in pigs, from 1.1 to 6.7 mg RE/100 g in cattle and from 1.6 to 16.6 mg RE/100 g and 2.7 to 21.5 mg RE/100 g in chickens and turkeys, respectively. The livers of calves contained the smallest amount of vitamin A, with variation from 1.3 to 3.2 mg RE/100 g. Retinyl palmitate was the predominant form of vitamin A in the livers of investigated animals and contributed about 40% (avids) up to 75% (calf) of the total liver vitamin A contents. The results indicated that the lower levels of animal liver vitamin A, observed in our study, could be a result of small-structured agriculture in Austria. The variations of liver vitamin A concentrations among the species were a result of differences in race, age and the different feeding regimen.     

Europe's Place in the Global History of Biological Exchange

This paper provides a framework for the European history of biological exchange and biological invasion. It distinguishes four main eras of heightened biological exchange. The first came with the introduction to Europe of the neolithic complex of domesticated plants and animals. The second was associated with the increased trade and travel of the pax romana. The third came with increased connections to Asia and the Indian Ocean world in the era of the Crusades. The fourth, well-known to historians, followed from the oceanic navigations of European mariners beginning in the fifteenth century. In all but the last of these, Europe imported far more than it exported in terms of useful species, and most of those exported were earlier imports, mainly from southwest or south Asia.     

立足中国传统文化的中国式玩偶设计研究

中国传统文化内涵丰富、源远流长,传统文化形式多样、富于变化。中国传统文化扎根百姓内心,具有丰富的象征意义。在全球化文化背景与信息高度发达的今天,各种个性化的潮流玩偶以其前卫时尚和鲜明的特性受到青年、小资的喜爱。但具有独特中国文化内涵、蕴含厚重民族底蕴、体现民俗寓意的中国式玩偶依然值得传承与发扬。     

Microalgal Biomass for Greenhouse Gas Reductions: Potential for Replacement of Fossil Fuels and Animal Feeds

Microalgal biomass production offers a number of advantages over conventional biomass production, including higher productivities, use of otherwise nonproductive land, reuse and recovery of waste nutrients, use of saline or brackish waters, and reuse of CO2 from power-plant flue gas or similar sources. Microalgal biomass production and utilization offers potential for greenhouse gas (GHG) avoidance by providing biofuel replacement of fossil fuels and carbon-neutral animal feeds. This paper presents an initial analysis of the potential for GHG avoidance using a proposed algal biomass production system coupled to recovery of flue-gas CO2 combined with waste sludge and/or animal manure utilization. A model is constructed around a 50-MW natural gas-fired electrical generation plant operating at 50% capacity as a semibase-load facility. This facility is projected to produce 216 million k?Wh/240-day season while releasing 30.3 million kg-C/season of GHG-CO2. An algal system designed to capture 70% of flue-gas CO2 would produce 42,400 t (dry wt) of algal biomass/season and requires 880 ha of high-rate algal ponds operating at a productivity of 20?g-dry-wt/m2-day. This algal biomass is assumed to be fractionated into 20% extractable algal oil, useful for biodiesel, with the 50% protein content providing animal feed replacement and 30% residual algal biomass digested to produce methane gas, providing gross GHG avoidances of 20, 8.5, and 7.8%, respectively. The total gross GHG avoidance potential of 36.3% results in a net GHG avoidance of 26.3% after accounting for 10% parasitic energy costs. Parasitic energy is required to deliver CO2 to the algal culture and to harvest and process algal biomass and algal products. At CO2 utilization efficiencies predicted to range from 60–80%, net GHG avoidances are estimated to range from 22–30%. To provide nutrients for algal growth and to ensure optimal algae digestion, importation of 53 t/day of waste paper, municipal sludge, or animal manure would be required. This analysis does not address the economics of the processes considered. Rather, the focus is directed at determination of the technical feasibility of applying integrated algal processes for fossil-fuel replacement and power-plant GHG avoidance. The technology discussed remains in early stages of development, with many important technical issues yet to be addressed. Although theoretically promising, successful integration of waste treatment processes with algal recovery of flue-gas CO2 will require pilot-scale trials and field demonstrations to more precisely define the many detailed design requirements.