Structural and Functional Change in Albino Rat Retina Induced by Various Visible Light Wavelengths

The effects of visible light, from short to long wavelengths, on the retina were investigated functionally and histologically. The left eyes of Sprague–Dawley albino rats (6-weeks old, n = 6 for each wavelength) were exposed to seven narrow-band wavelengths (central wavelengths, 421, 441, 459, 501, 541, 581, and 615 nm) with bandwidths of 16 to 29 nm (half bandwidth, ±8–14.5 nm) using a xenon lamp source with bandpass filters at the retinal radiant exposures of 340 and 680 J/cm². The right unexposed eyes served as controls. Seven days after exposure, flash electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded, and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness was measured. Compared to the unexposed eyes, significant reductions in the a- and b-wave ERG amplitudes were seen in eyes exposed to 460-nm or shorter wavelengths of light. The ONL thickness near the optic nerve head also tended to decrease with exposure to shorter wavelengths. The decreased ERG amplitudes and ONL thicknesses were most prominent in eyes exposed to 420-nm light at both radiant exposures. When the wavelengths were the same, the higher the amount of radiant exposure and the stronger the damage. Compared to the unexposed eyes, the a- and b-waves did not decrease significantly in eyes exposed to 500-nm or longer wavelength light. The results indicate that the retinal damage induced by visible light observed in albino rats depends on the wavelength and energy level of the exposed light.     

Covalently Immobilized Regenerable Immunoaffinity Layer with Orientation-Controlled Antibodies Based on Z-Domain Autodisplay

A regenerable immunoaffinity layer comprising covalently immobilized orientation-controlled antibodies was developed for use in a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor. For antibody orientation control, antibody-binding Z-domain-autodisplaying Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells and their outer membrane (OM) were utilized, and a disuccinimidyl crosslinker was employed for covalent antibody binding. To fabricate the regenerable immunoaffinity layer, capture antibodies were bound to autodisplayed Z-domains, and then treated with the crosslinker for chemical fixation to the Z-domains. Various crosslinkers, namely disuccinimidyl glutarate (DSG), disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) and poly (ethylene glycol)-ylated bis (sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate (BS(PEG)₅), were evaluated, and DSS at a concentration of 500 μM was confirmed to be optimal. The E. coli-cell-based regenerable HRP immunoassay was evaluated employing three sequential HRP treatment and regeneration steps. Then, the Oms of E. coli cells were isolated and layered on a microplate and regenerable OM-based HRP immunoassaying was evaluated. Five HRP immunoassays with four regeneration steps were found to be feasible. This regenerable, covalently immobilized, orientation-controlled OM-based immunoaffinity layer was applied to an SPR biosensor, which was capable of quantifying C-reactive protein (CRP). Five regeneration cycles were repeated using the demonstrated immunoaffinity layer with a signal difference of <10%.     

薄层法制备聚天冬氨酸及其阻垢性能研究

以马来酸酐和碳酸铵为原料,通过薄层聚合制备了聚天冬氨酸,研究了反应物配比、聚合时间及反应温度等因素对聚合物产率、相对分子质量的影响;考察了聚合物用量及相对分子质量对阻垢性能的影响.结果显示:碳酸铵和马来酸酐的化学计量数为1.2∶1、反应温度185℃、反应时间50～60 min时,产率可达88%,产物对硫酸钙和碳酸钙均具有良好的阻垢性能.     

纳米硅溶胶加固粉质砂土的性能研究

粉质砂土具有富含微细孔隙的特点,导致对其进行注浆加固较为困难。在传统注浆加固材料的基础上,引入纳米硅溶胶,研究纳米硅溶胶对粉质砂土加固的影响。以纳米硅溶胶加固粉质砂土为研究对象,通过注浆效果对比试验、无侧限抗压强度实验、渗透实验、SEM扫描电镜分析等试验方法,比较不同养护环境及龄期加固土力学性能。结果表明：纳米硅溶胶注浆性能相对与传统注浆材料能快速有效地渗入土体对土粒进行胶结,对孔隙进行封堵。通过设置干燥空气和水两种养护环境养护后进行相应力学试验及抗渗冲刷试验,结果发现：当填充率为25%时,纳米硅溶胶加固土强度最大可提高至280—290 kPa,连续水流冲刷下抗渗时间扩展至340 h。此外,比较不同养护环境及龄期的加固土组成成分及结构特征发现,水养护下加固土结构更为完整,孔隙更少。因此,纳米硅溶胶在富水地区对加固粉质砂土具有更大的优势。     

卫生间聚氨酯防水涂料的特性及质量预控

阐述聚氨酯防水涂料特性,总结了用于卫生间防水的优点及施工中存在的问题,并提出了保证质量的相应对策。     

从"表层"定量解读描绘的街路景观——《清明上河图》的量化研究

该文为了综合地、定量地分析和解读街路景观,提出了“表层”的概念。从“表层”的形态要素的抽出和统计,构筑定量地解读街路景观的方法。本文以《清明上河图》为分析对象,首先通过把描绘的三维内容还原为二维的意向平面图,根据意向平面图决定“表层”的编号;然后通过统计“表层”的形态要素,建立“表层”的数据库;最后通过对形态要素的量化分析,解读《清明上河图》中描绘的街路景观的特征。     

基于PIV测试的风轮主要声源区域雷诺应力特征分析

为了获悉风轮主要声源区域的流动机理,在风洞开口段,在不同风速和尖速比下,文章对风轮展向X/C=0.5区域不同相对弦长处的流场进行了PIV测试。测试结果表明:由于翼型表面发生流动分离导致流体速度脉动,雷诺应力迅速增加,使叶片与来流相互作用产生压力脉冲;随着相对弦长的增加,雷诺应力均有不同程度的增大,当X/C为0.4~0.8时,雷诺应力的变化最为明显;对比不同风速、尖速比、相对弦长处的雷诺应力数据发现,随着尖速比的增加,雷诺应力增大最明显的区域向前缘移动,流动分离位置提前,而风速变化对流动分离位置没有影响;发生流动分离后的主要声源区域的雷诺应力呈现单峰值,流体脉动程度较剧烈;对比不同工况下主要声源最大声压级和X/C=1处中心最大雷诺应力值发现,两者变化趋势一致且易受尖速比变化的影响。文章以实验测试的方法揭示了风轮主要声源区域雷诺应力表现的流动特征,研究成果对于叶片的优化设计和降噪方法的改进提供了可行的解决思路。     

Interfacial energy for solutions of nanoparticles,surfactants, and electrolytes

The addition of surfactants to modify the surface property of nanoparticles (NPs) from hydrophilic to hydrophobic also enhances their interfacial properties. Several approaches were previously proposed to calculate the surface tension/interfacial tension (IFT) for different systems in the presence of NPs, surfactants, and electrolytes. However, most of these approaches are indirect and require several measured parameters. Therefore, a mathematical model is developed here to calculate the surface tension/IFT for these systems. The developed model takes into account the cohesive energy due to the interaction of the surfactant CH₂ groups, the electric double layer effect due to the interaction among the ions of NPs, surfactants, and electrolytes, and the dipole–dipole interaction of NPs and electrolytes. The developed model is compared and validated with the laboratory experimental data in literature. The results reveal further understanding of the mechanisms involved in stabilization of oil/water emulsion in the presence of NPs, surfactants, and electrolytes.     

青藏高原铁路多年冻土路堤的碎石层高度

分析表明路堤尺寸、形状和边界形式对碎石路堤自然对流效应的发生有显著影响,需要根据具体工程要求来确定路堤的压力边界条件。对4种压力边界情况的碎石路堤自然对流进行了数值计算,显示透气边界的碎石路堤自然对流降温效应为最强。最后,通过引入自然对流指数,提出了实际冻土路堤碎石层填筑高度的确定方法,具体给出了粒径为2cm~4cm、4cm~6cm、6cm~8cm和8cm~10cm的碎石层填筑高度,并对粒径为6cm~8cm的碎石层填筑高度进行了实验验证,结果表明,通过自然对流指数所确定的碎石层高度对实际冻土路堤工程的设计具有参考价值。     

Cr3C2/WC的添加对Stellite 12熔覆层耐磨耐蚀性的影响

目的 提高Stellite 12熔覆层的耐磨耐蚀性能。方法 将Stellite 12合金粉末与碳化物(Cr3C2、WC)混合,采用激光熔覆技术在H13钢板上制备复合熔覆层。通过超景深显微镜和XRD分析其显微组织和物相,通过显微硬度测试、摩擦磨损试验和电化学腐蚀试验,分别评价熔覆层的硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性,并通过超景深显微镜对磨痕形貌进行分析。结果 添加碳化物后,熔覆层的微观组织以柱状晶和树枝晶为主,物相主要由γ-Co固溶体和碳化物(M23C6、M7C3)组成;Cr3C2的添加使得熔覆层的硬度降低,由610HV0.2降至530HV0.2,但耐磨性得到提高,磨损量由0.45 mm³降至0.33 mm³,下降了28%,耐蚀性得到提高,腐蚀电位由−0.385 V增加到−0.264 V,腐蚀电流密度由9.269×10⁻¹⁰ A/cm²降至1.496×10⁻¹⁰ A/cm²,极化电阻由3.982×10⁷ Ω.cm²提升至2.424×10⁸ Ω.cm²,提高了1个数量级;WC的添加使其硬度由610HV0.2提高至750HV0.2,磨损深度变浅,磨损量由0.45 mm³降至0.19 mm³,下降了43%,但耐腐蚀性有所降低。3种熔覆层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。结论 WC的添加可以有效提高熔覆层的硬度和耐磨性,但耐腐蚀性有所降低;添加Cr3C2后,耐蚀性得到显著提高,耐磨性略微提升,但硬度降低。