Reactive molecular simulation on the ordered crystal and disordered glass of the calcium silicate hydrate gel

Modifying the properties of modern concrete highlights the decoding the molecular structure of C–S–H gel, which is the main binding phase in the cementitious materials. In this paper, the structural, dynamical and mechanical properties were investigated by using C–S–H glassy model and its crystal analog tobermorite 11 Å to represent the disordered and ordered molecular structure. By using reactive force field molecular simulation, the structural discrepancy for ordered and disordered phase was illustrated in respect of silicate chain skeletons, local structure of the calcium oxygen octahedrons and hydroxyl distribution. In the glassy model, the local structure of C–S–H gel, with defective silicate chains and distorted calcium sheet, is similar to the silicate glass phase of metallic ions. Furthermore, to predict the mechanical properties of the C–S–H gel and tobermorite, uniaxial tension testing by the reactive force field coupled with both the mechanical response and chemical response during the large tensile deformation process. During the tensile process, water molecules, attacking the Si–O and Ca–O bond, are detrimental to the cohesive force development in the C–S–H gel.     

Biodiesel Production Using Calcined Waste Filter Press Cake from a Sugar Manufacturing Facility as a Highly Economic Catalyst

For the first time, a low cost, high performance and environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst derived from waste filter press cake (FPC) from a sugar manufacturing facility was used for the production of biodiesel. This industrial waste was calcined in air at 900 °C for 2 h to convert it into an active CaO‐based catalyst (FPC‐HT). In addition, the calcium oxide nanoparticles (FPC‐NAC) were synthesized by surfactant‐hydration treatment of FPC‐HT. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM and BET analysis. These calcium oxide catalysts were used for a transesterification reaction between canola oil and methanol to produce biodiesel. The results show that the FPC‐NAC has higher catalytic activity than FPC‐HT under optimized reaction conditions. Therefore, this economic catalyst is able to catalyze the transesterification of canola oil to its methyl esters in 1.5 h with yields above 96 %.     

石灰石资源的开发利用

本文比较系统地介绍了我国优势资源石灰石的性质，一般用途和矿床的工业要求，列举了主要产品１７种；简述了１０种（类）钙盐产品的工业生产方法，并绘出了工艺流程示意图；对当前石灰石利用前景和可能开发方向提出了参考建议，可供石灰石储量丰富地区有关企业和当地政府在规划开发资源时作参考。     

Fabrication of cancellous-bone-mimicking β-tricalcium phosphate bioceramic scaffolds with tunable architecture and mechanical strength by stereolithography 3D printing

It is highly challenging to fabricate bioceramic scaffolds mimicking architecture and mechanical strength of cancellous bone. Gyroid structure, which is based on triply periodic minimal surface, highly resembles the architecture of cancellous bone. Herein, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramic scaffolds with gyroid structure were fabricated by stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing. The SLA 3D printing ensured high precision of ceramic part. The porosity (51–87%), pore size (250 – 2400 µm), pore wall thickness (< 300 µm) and compressive strength (0.6 – 16.8 MPa) of gyroid bioceramic scaffolds were readily adjusted to match various sites of cancellous bone. The gyroid bioceramic scaffolds were more favorable for cell proliferation than the grid-like bioceramic scaffolds. The cancellous-bone-mimicking gyroid bioceramic scaffolds with tunable architecture and mechanical strength were expected to efficiently repair the target bone defects.     

火花塞陶瓷绝缘体高温分流电阻的研究

火花塞陶瓷绝缘体的高温分流电阻会影响火花塞的使用性能和寿命,笔者研究了氧化铝中Na2O含量、配方组成和烧结温度对火花塞陶瓷绝缘体高温分流电阻的影响。结果表明:随着氧化铝原材料中Na2O含量的增加,试样的高温分流电阻逐渐降低;在配方组成中,当CaO的含量由33%增加至40%,氧化铝原材料中Na2O含量为0.1%时,试样在500℃时的分流电阻由517MΩ提升至1 192MΩ;烧结温度低于1 580℃时,试样的高温分流电阻较低。     

吸附法去除溶液中Mg~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的试验研究

以去除纯碱副产物氯化钙中的Mg2+和Pb2+,制取高纯氯化钙为目的,采用吸附的方法,研究了不同吸附剂对Mg2+、Pb2+的分离效果,以及吸附时间、温度、pH值等因素对改性斜发沸石吸附效果的影响。试验结果表明:改性斜发沸石对氯化钙中Mg2+、Pb2+有较好的吸附去除效果,吸附时间100min、温度30℃、100ml质量分数为0.5%的氯化钙溶液加吸附剂1.5g、pH10为最优吸附条件。     

硅砖熔洞的成因

通过硅砖熔洞、铁斑在硅砖检验中的重要性的阐述,对生产过程中出现的一些硅砖熔洞进行原因排查,探讨了硅砖铁洞、钙洞的成因及应采取的预防措施。     

Calcium Cl/OH-apatite,Cl/OH-apatite/Al2O3 and Ca3(PO4)2 fibre nonwovens: Potential ceramic components for osteosynthesis

Polycrystalline calcium phosphate ((Cl/OH)Ap = Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH/Cl); TCP = Ca₃(PO₄)₂) fibres were prepared from aqueous solutions of calcium chloride and phosphoric acid using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as spinning aid. Generation of nonwoven materials was accomplished via rotary jet spinning. Polycrystalline (Cl/OH)Ap fibres 10–25 μm in diameter were obtained with 37% ceramic yield by pyrolysis of the green fibres followed by sintering at 1150 °C in air. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis provided evidence for apatite formation starting at 650 °C while (Cl/OH)Ap ceramic fibres were obtained at 1100 °C via transformation through intermediate dicalcium dichloride hydrogen phosphate (Ca₂Cl₂(HPO₄)) and calcium pyrophosphate (Ca₂P₂O₇) phases. A glass-forming Al-based additive was applied to enhance the mechanical properties of the Cl/OH)Ap ceramic fibres and indeed resulted in the formation of (Cl/OH)Ap/Al₂O₃ fibres with improved mechanical stability. Finally, TCP, (Cl/OH)Ap and (Cl/OH)Ap/Al₂O₃ fibres were subjected to seeding with mesenchymal stem cells. Negligible cytotoxicity is observed.     

水泥砂浆TSA侵蚀机理及其预防技术研究

分析了碳硫硅酸盐（thaumasite）对水泥混凝土结构的破坏机理及对实际工程建筑所带来的危害。并针对其破坏产生的条件与作用机理,从水泥品种、水灰比、矿物掺合料的选择以及对环境因素的控制等方面阐述了有效的、可行的抗TSA侵蚀的技术。     

微波辐射对硫酸钙结晶生长的影响

在相同的结晶条件下,采用微波加热与传统加热所形成的硫酸钙晶体形貌有明显差异。通过蒙特卡罗模拟对此现象进行了分析和解释,模拟结果显示,微波辐射影响了硫酸钙晶体的生长过程,从而影响了硫酸钙晶体形貌。