Microwave absorption properties of carbon nanotubes dispersed in alumina ceramic

Ceramic nanocomposites of alumina and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are experimentally studied for use as microwave absorbers in particle accelerators. The weight percentage of multi-walled CNTs in SPS sintered nanocomposite samples is varied from 0.5 to 10% and the complex permittivity is measured. The RF absorption is strong and relatively flat in the frequency band 1-40 GHz for a CNT weight percentage in the range 1-2.5%, which is just above the percolation threshold. The permittivity is observed to increase dramatically with increasing CNT weight percentage above the percolation threshold as observed elsewhere, and in accordance with theoretical treatments. The electromagnetic properties of the nanocomposites are little changed in going from 294 K to 77 K. The DC conductivity of the alumina-CNT nanocomposite is also sufficient to drain static charge in particle accelerator beamline environments, even at cryogenic temperatures. Fabrication of the nanocomposites using an industrial RF sintering process compatible with large sizes shows that the microwave absorption properties of small samples are similar to those of the SPS sintered samples.     

一种新的红外热像图分析方法及其在乳腺肿瘤诊断中的应用

本文基于热断层的思想,提出了用于分析人体内热源信息的一种新的热像图分析方法。通过建立有内热源的热传导微分方程,得出方程的解。再结合实际,应用叠加原理将体表的正常体温和异常热源的温度叠加起来,得出了有内热源的体表温度分布表达式,利用该表达式对红外热像图上可能的病变区域的温度数据进行了分析处理。处理过程中选择了两个参考变量:热源的深度h和热源的发热强度q。深度h对应于肿瘤解剖位置的深度,发热强度q对应于肿瘤的性质:良、恶性的判断。临床病例证明,这两个参数对肿瘤的定性、定位是很有效的。     

碳纳米管的径向形变和集束效应

用２０ＭｅＶ质子束照射电弧放电生成碳纳米管样品后，用高分辨率透射电子显微镜观察辐照样品，观察到了与辐照有关的碳纳米管的集束现象，三个并行联结构的纳米管的电镜图表明由于范德瓦尔斯力的作用，纳米管内部的碳（００２）层受到挤压，层间距变小，纳米管发生径向形变。     

用于CSNS反角白光中子源的双屏栅电离室设计及性能研究

为测量中国散裂中子源（China Spallation Neutron Source, CSNS）反角白光中子源150 keV以下能区飞行时间法中子能谱,研制基于¹⁰B(n, α)⁷Li和⁶Li(n, t)α核反应的双屏栅电离室,采用薄窗和薄底衬的结构设计。通过Garfield++、SRIM和Simcenter Magnet Electric程序对屏栅电离室的工作气体、极间距和电场分布等工作参数进行模拟设计,并采用α源及CF₄、P10、90%Ar-10%CO₂三种气体对电离室进行性能参数测试。结果表明,选定电子漂移速度快、扩散系数小,以及阻止本领大的CF4作为CSNS/Back-n束上测试工作气体,阴极-栅极和栅极-阳极间距分别为20 mm和5 mm。屏栅电离室收集区74 mm范围内是电场均匀区,场强的相对偏差≤0.03%;性能测试结果表明,工作气体为CF₄时,电离室对²³⁹Pu/²⁴¹Am/²⁴⁴Cm混合α面源具有很好的能量分辨,最佳能量分辨率为2.4%@5.48 MeV。对比平板型电离室和硅微条探测器的测量结果,验证了本工作研制的屏栅型电离室的能量分辨优势。     

微型中子源堆低浓化堆芯的探讨

通过对２３５Ｕ富集度为１９．９％的ＵＯ２和Ｕ３Ｓｉ２－Ａｌ的弥散体２种燃料进行物理计算，从中筛选出了优化的堆芯方案，并对其静态物理参数，诸如有效倍增因子、绝对中子通量密度、上铍反射层反应性价值、反应性温度系数、控制棒价值等进行了计算。     

镭厂退役废物分类与处理处置

由于镭厂退役废物的多样性,多必须适当分类后才能分别进行处理处置。利用现有条件,将含镭低放废物进行废铀矿井处置是合理,安全和经济的。     

Palladium dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotube based hydrogen sensor for fuel cell applications

Palladium nanocatalysts supported on surface-oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were prepared by the aqueous solution reduction of _PdCl2${\mathrm{PdCl}}_2$. MWNT have been synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) technique. Pyrolysis of acetylene using a fixed-bed catalytic reactor over rare earth (RE) based _AB2${\mathrm{AB}}_2$ alloy hydride catalyst, obtained through hydrogen decrepitation technique, has been performed to synthesize MWNT. Structural, morphological and vibrational characterizations have been carried out using XRD, SEM, TEM and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. In situ electrical resistance measurements for thin films of MWNT obtained by spin coating samples were carried out by two-probe technique in a chamber with provision to introduce known concentration of hydrogen in constant air flow. Investigations of hydrogen sensing properties of Pd–MWNT ensembles have been carried out. The stability of Pd–MWNT thin films after several cycles of adsorption and desorption was studied. The change in electrical resistance due to hydrogen adsorption is reversible, with increase to saturation on exposure to hydrogen gas. The results demonstrate that chemically treated MWNT functionalized with nanostructured Pd show good _H2${\mathrm{H}}_2$ sensing response at room temperature.     

H2 production from methane pyrolysis over commercial carbon catalysts: Kinetic and deactivation study

Hydrogen production from catalytic methane decomposition (DeCH₄) is a simple process to produce high purity hydrogen with no formation of carbon oxides (CO or CO₂). However, to completely avoid those emissions, the catalyst must not be regenerated. Therefore, it is necessary to use inexpensive catalysts, which show low deactivation during the process. Use of carbon materials as catalysts fulfils these requirements.     

Onset of Darcy‐Brinkman Convection in a Binary Viscoelastic Fluid‐Saturated Porous Layer with Internal Heat Source

The onset of Darcy‐Brinkman convection in a binary viscoelastic fluid‐saturated sparsely packed porous layer with an internal heat source is studied using both linear and nonlinear stability analyses. The Oldroyd‐B model is employed to describe the rheological behavior of binary fluid. An extended form of the Darcy‐Oldroyd law incorporating Brinkman's correction and time derivative is used to describe the flow through a porous layer. The onset criterion for stationary, oscillatory, and finite amplitude convection is derived analytically. There is a competition between the processes of thermal diffusion, solute diffusion, and viscoelasticity that causes the convection to set in through an oscillatory mode rather than a stationary mode. The effect of internal Rayleigh number, relaxation and retardation parameters, solute Rayleigh number, Darcy number, Darcy‐Prandtl number, and Lewis number on the stability of a system is investigated and is shown graphically. The nonlinear theory based on the truncated representation of the Fourier series method is used to find heat and mass transfer. The transient behavior of the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers is obtained using numerical methods. Some known results are recovered for the particular cases of the present study. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 42(8): 676–703, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.21056     

Barrier properties of carbon films deposited on polymer-based devices in aggressive environments

The physical and chemical properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) and carbyne-containing films on different substances, in particular on plastic materials, are advantageous for a great number of novel applications. These coatings, which possess the necessary mechanical characteristics of high adhesion to the plastic substrate material, chemical inertness and biocompatibility, have been proved to be hypoallergenic. In present paper, we report on the use of DLC and carbyne-containing films, formed by different ion-assisted methods, for strengthening and protecting of the surface of polymer-based medical products and for providing new functional properties. The medical products examined are: probes of different type, catheters, drainage tubes, polymer contact lenses and contact lens cases. It is shown that the DLC and carbyne-containing films are biocompatible, possess high chemical inertness to biological media of the human body, and provide the necessary rigidity to products. Antibacterial activity, a wide range of contact wetting angle changes, and a wide range of optical and colour characteristics open unlimited possibilities for the improvement of medical wares. Results on the mechanical properties of probes and contact lenses coated by carbon films, both from in vitro and clinical testing, are also presented.