碳酸镧直接电解制备金属镧试验工艺研究

本试验重点研究了碳酸镧电解制取金属镧的工艺条件。通过将碳酸镧直接加入电解炉后,研究熔盐组成、电解温度、原料钐质量对电效的影响因素及碳酸镧回收利用对产品质量的影响。     

碳酸盐岩储层裂缝评价方法探讨

对于碳酸盐岩储层,裂缝是非常常见的一种储集空间类型,因此,裂缝以及裂缝类型的识别显得尤其重要。通常认为,识别裂缝最有效的方法是利用成像测井进行直观解释,不足之处就是测井成本较高,尤其对于已开发油气田来说。因此如何利用低测井成本方法识别裂缝,是能否提高碳酸盐岩油田开发能力的重要途径。以中东某油气田大量的常规以及成像资料为基础,以成像测井刻度常规测井,运用交会图技术建立了以常规测井为基础的裂缝以及裂缝类型识别方法,并在TAB油田取得很好的应用效果。     

PLA-g-GMA的制备及其对PLA/PPC共混体系性能的影响

采用双螺杆挤出机将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)接枝到聚乳酸(PLA)上,而后将接枝产物(PLA-g-GMA)与聚乳酸(PLA)、聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)反应性共混,考察了接枝物中GMA加入量变化对PLA/PPC/PLA-g-GMA共混体系的力学性能、热稳定性能的影响,并对共混体系的断裂机理进行了研究。结果表明,PLA-g-GMA的引入能够在一定程度上改善PLA与PPC的相容性。随着接枝物中GMA加入量的增加,共混物的冲击强度、断裂伸长率及拉伸强度均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,并在接枝物中GMA加入量为3%时达到最大值。扫描电镜结果显示,PLA-g-GMA引入后共混物的韧性断裂特征越发显著,其冲击断裂方式由脆性断裂过渡为韧性断裂。热失重分析结果显示,加入PLA-g-GMA后共混物的起始分解温度和完全分解温度均有一定程度的提高。     

Effects of Rheological Behavior of Viscoelastic Surfactants on Formation Damage in Carbonate Rocks

Viscoelastic surfactants (VES) are used in various oilfield applications such as matrix stimulation and enhanced oil recovery. The loss of surfactants during the propagation of VES could result in a significant reduction in the permeability of the rock (formation damage). The objective of the current work was to identify the effect of rheological behavior of the VES on the formation damage using core‐flooding experiments, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. A combination of core‐flooding, NMR, and SEM techniques was used to quantify and identify the location of formation damage in carbonate core samples. The viscosity and storage modulus strongly depend on the nature and concentration of salts. The viscosity increased by increasing the salt concentration up to a specific point (15 wt% CaCl₂) and then starts decreasing. The VES formulations that displayed the maximum and minimum viscosities were used to identify the impact of rheological behavior on formation damage. Core‐flooding experiments were performed to assess the formation damage due to high‐viscosity and low‐viscosity VES formulations. The reduction in the permeability of carbonate rocks reaches more than 90% of the initial permeability. It was found that low‐viscosity VES caused more damage compared with high‐viscosity VES when they were used at constant concentrations. NMR and core‐flooding results revealed that the damage took place both in pore body and pore throat. However, most of the surfactant was retained at the pore throat.     

浅谈硫酸盐热化学还原作用与碳酸盐岩储层发育

在碳酸盐岩层系热化学硫酸盐还原反应（Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction,TSR）是普遍发生的地质现象,通过对现有资料的研究（主要以川东北地区飞仙关组为例）,发现TSR反应是形成高含H2S气藏的重要原因。本文总结了现有研究水平下TSR的反应原理以及参与反应的各个组分,以及TSR对储层,尤其是深部储层的作用（主要以川东北地区飞仙关组为例）。同时,本文提出关于TSR作用仍旧有很多没有解决的问题。如TSR反应体系中固体的硬石膏能否参与反应、TSR反应的阶段性、TSR作用与白云化作用之间是否存在关系,以及TSR反应产物与储层溶蚀机制等。     

Physical and electrochemical properties of spherical Li1+x(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)1−xO2 cathode materials

A (Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)CO₃ precursor with an uniform, spherical morphology was prepared by coprecipitation using a continuously stirred tank reactor method. The as-prepared spherical (Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)CO₃ precursor served to produce dense, spherical Li_1+x(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)_1−xO₂ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) cathode materials. These Li-rich cathodes were also prepared by a second synthesis route that involved the use of an M₃O₄ (M = Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3) spinel compound, itself obtained from the carbonate (Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)CO₃ precursor. In both cases, the final Li_1+x(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)_1−xO₂ products were highly uniform, having a narrow particle size distribution (10-μm average particle size) as a result of the homogeneity and spherical morphology of the starting mixed-metal carbonate precursor. The rate capability of the Li_1+x(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)_1−xO₂ electrode materials, which was significantly improved with increased lithium content, was found to be better in the case of the denser materials made from the spinel precursor compound. This result suggests that spherical morphology, high density, and increased lithium content were key factors in enabling the high rate capabilities, and hence the power performances, of the Li-rich Li_1+x(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)_1−xO₂ cathodes.     

低滤失液体系完善与降滤失工艺研究

针对于缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层,酸化压裂改造工艺已经成为重要的增储上产措施。而压裂液的滤失,极大的影响了酸化压裂的整体效果。进一步优化和完善酸化压裂注入液体系,对提高酸化压裂效果显得更为重要。通过调整稠化剂及交联剂分子结构以及优化体系配方,解决了交联酸酸液体系稳定性问题,实现深度酸压提供技术保障。分析了硅粉、淀粉和分散液三种暂堵降滤失剂的优缺点,提出了暂堵降滤失剂物理、和化学要求,采用可降解合成高分子颗粒材料将达到良好暂堵滤失效果。并结合研究区碳酸盐岩储层温度特点及压裂工艺的需求,通过现场试验,完成了120~160℃高温压裂液配方体系。     

碳酸盐岩油藏三维地质建模新方法

沉积相约束下的储层建模方法比较普遍,本文提出了岩石类型控制下的建模方法。采用Winland R35方法划分油藏岩石类型,建立不同岩石类型下孔隙度和渗透率关系模型;获得各口井岩石类型后,通过序贯指示模拟预测井间岩石类型,继而建立三维岩石类型模型;最后基于地震波阻抗属性约束孔隙度,建立孔隙度模型,再利用不同岩石类型下已建立的孔隙度和渗透率关系确定渗透率,建立渗透率模型。     

塔里木盆地玛扎塔格构造带奥陶系岩溶缝洞体发育特征

塔里木盆地玛扎塔格构造带奥陶系风化壳基质孔渗差,以次生缝洞体储层为主,非均质性强,缝洞体的分布特征对海相碳酸盐岩储层评价具有重要影响。通过岩心观察并结合测井资料分析,认为该区发育多期岩溶与裂缝。岩溶作用影响深度达400m,单井岩溶孔洞层为3～5层,单层厚10～50m。渗流带岩溶孔洞较发育,潜流带岩溶孔洞欠发育,岩溶强度较小,层段内岩溶孔洞断续分布。洞穴规模较小,机械充填严重。通过构造研究与古地貌恢复建立了研究区岩溶发育模式,和田河气田位于岩溶缓坡—洼地区,岩溶洞穴较少且多充填砂泥;而南部大面积风化壳是3期岩溶作用的叠加区,位于汇流溶蚀的岩溶斜坡区,有利于储层的发育与保存,是缝洞型油气藏勘探的有利方向。     

含油气盆地断层封闭性研究探讨

论述了断层封闭性研究中断层封闭机理、地应力与断层封闭性、断层的伴生构造、断块的封闭性等方面的一些新进展和断层封闭性评价的可靠性，并对其中断层封闭性的双向性、非均质性以及碳酸盐岩的封闭性等问题进行了探讨，指明了进一步研究的方向。