Characterization and Electrical Properties of Some Hydrochloric Acid-Doped Aniline and 2-Amino-Pyridine Homopolymers and Copolymers

The synthesis of (group I) hydrochloric acid-doped poly(aniline-co-toluidine), poly(aniline-co-thiophene), poly(aniline-co-o-phenylenediamine), and poly(aniline-co-2-aminopyridine) as well as their hydrochloric acid-doped homopolymers of polyaniline, poly-m-toluidine, poly-o-phenylene diamine, and poly-2-aminopyridine and the synthesis of (group II) hydrochloric acid-doped poly (2-aminopyridine-co-o-phenylene diamine) and its hydrochloric acid-doped homopolymers of poly 2-amino pyridine and poly-o-phenylene diamine have been carried out via a chemical oxidation process using ammonium and potassium persulphate as chemical initiators. The synthesized homo- and copolymers were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and thermal analysis. The variation of the electrical conductivity (σ, S cm^?1) with the reciprocal of the absolute temperature (1000/T, K) at different frequencies (1–1000 kHz) for hydrochloric acid homopolymers and copolymers is illustrated.     

Corrosion-free electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline using Cu counter electrode in acidic medium

Polyaniline (PAni) was electrochemically synthesized from aniline sulfate (AS) in the presence and in absence of H₂SO₄ using Cu counter electrode. No significant corrosion of the Cu electrode was found while synthesizing from AS in presence of H₂SO₄, whereas relatively higher corrosion of Cu as well as contamination of synthesized PAni with corroded Cu were observed for the synthesis from aniline in presence of H₂SO₄ or from AS in the absence of H₂SO₄. Corrosion-free synthesis yields PAni free from contamination of Cu and exhibits smaller particle size and superior electrical and supercapacitive behavior compared to the process exhibiting corrosion of counter electrode.     

Coupling control on pillar stress concentration and surface cracks in shallow multi-seam mining

In order to ensure safe mining and reduce surface damage in shallow multi-seam mining, the failure characteristics of interburden strata with different coal pillars offset distances between pillars in the upper and lower seams, the distribution characteristics of stress concentration in coal pillars, and the development characteristics of stratum cracks and subsidence were investigated by physical and UDEC2 D simulation. Meanwhile, the effect of different coal pillar offset distances on stress concentration of coal pillar and development of stratum cracks were studied. Based on those results, a formula for safe mining and reducing surface damage was established, which provided a theoretical basis for safe and environmentally friendly mining in shallow multi-seam. According to the results, the optimal coal pillar offset distance(the side to side horizontal distance of the upper and lower coal pillars) between the upper and lower coal seams was developed to reduce the stress concentration of coal pillars and surface damage.The results of this study have been applied in Ningtiaota coal mine and have achieved good results in safe and environmentally friendly mining.     

弯曲裂缝对再生混凝土构件碳化性能影响的试验研究

混凝土是脆性材料,抗拉强度远低于其抗压强度,钢筋混凝土构件在使用时往往处于带裂缝工作状态.当钢筋混凝土构件表面混凝土的裂缝达到一定宽度之后,经过时间的推移,有可能直接影响结构的正常使用以及耐久性,甚至影响结构的功能和安全性.试验着眼于再生混凝土表面弯曲裂缝对钢筋混凝土构件碳化性能的影响,以不同强度等级(C20、C40)和裂缝宽度(0.1 mm、0.2 mm)为变动因素进行了对比性碳化试验,试验结果表明,与没有倒入微裂缝的对比用普通混凝土试件以及再生混凝土试件相比,再生混凝土试件表面的弯曲裂缝对混凝土碳化性能的影响要比裂缝宽度对混凝土碳化性能的影响更大.     

一段炉上升管裂纹产生原因及处理措施

因一段炉的上升管存在制造缺陷、生产负荷频繁大幅变化、支撑上升管的弹簧支吊架故障等原因,造成一炉出现局部温度异常、上升管焊缝出现裂纹等重大安全问题.通过消除制造缺陷、调整弹簧支吊架、稳定生产负荷等处理措施后,达到了消除隐患、保证设备长周期安全稳定运行的目的.     

Electrochemical synthesis of poly(p-phenylene) and poly(p-phenylene)/TiO2 nanowires in an ionic liquid

This study shows for the first time that poly(p-phenylene) (PPP) nanowires can be easily obtained by electrochemical synthesis at room temperature. The method involves the template assisted electropolymerization of benzene in the air and water stable ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ([HMIm]FAP). Track-etched polycarbonate membranes (PC) with an average pore diameter of 90 nm were used as templates. Dense and highly flexible bundles of PPP nanowires with a high aspect ratio (>160) were easily obtained by this method. In addition, we present here our first results to obtain PPP/TiO₂ nanowires by the combination of a sol–gel technique with electropolymerization. HR-SEM, TEM and EDX were used for the structural characterization of the nanowires.     

Electrochemical copolymerization of thiophene derivatives; a precursor to photovoltaic devices

This work presents an electrochemical technique for the polymerization and copolymerization of thiophene derivatives like 7,9-dithiophene-2yl-8H-cyclopenta[a]acenaphthalene-8-one and 3-hexylthiophene. The structural characterization of chemically synthesized monomers and electrochemically synthesized polymers was carried out by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal characterizations indicate that copolymer has increased thermal stability than that of homopolymer. Morphological studies of the polymerized films carried out by scanning electron microscopy shows network structure of copolymer. Optical properties of the homopolymers and copolymer were studied by UV–visible spectrometer and it was observed that band gap of copolymer is less than the homopolymers. HOMO and LUMO levels, band gap values of the respective polymers were also calculated from the cyclic voltammetry technique with various scan rates. By the peak current obtained from various scan rates shows that all polymerization reactions are diffusion controlled process. Charge transfer resistances of polymers were determined using Nyquist plots. Conductivity of synthesized polymers shows higher conductivity for copolymer than homopolymers.     

Flexible electrodes based on polypyrrole/manganese dioxide/polypropylene fibrous membrane composite for supercapacitor

The composites of polypyrrole/manganese dioxide/polypropylene fibrous films (PPy/MnO₂/PPF) have been prepared in situ through chemical oxidation polymerization by using the mixture of FeCl₃·6H₂O and MnO₂ adsorbed on PPF as oxidant in the atmosphere of pyrrole vapor at room temperature. The morphologies and structures of the composites are investigated by using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The properties of the capacitor cells assembled by the composites of PPy/MnO₂/PPF are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods. The results reveal that the morphologies, conductivities and capacitance performance of the composites are influenced strongly by the content of MnO₂ in the solution of oxidant. The capacitors assembled by PPy/MnO₂/PPF exhibit the property of quick charge/discharge, and the highest specific capacitance of about 110 F g⁻¹ is obtained when the PPy/MnO₂ content in the composite is about 17.4%.     

化工建设中混凝土结构裂缝的原因及防治措施

混凝土结构(构件)裂缝在混凝土结构中是常见的,混凝土的正常使用状态本身就是带裂缝工作的状态。出现裂缝后,就要分析哪些裂缝是有害裂缝,哪些是无害裂缝,经分析后,才能针对不同的裂缝进行针对处理。结合工作实践,从常见的裂缝产生原因入手。在混凝土裂缝的防治及施工方面注意的问题等方面,作一探讨。     

压力容器管板堆焊裂纹缺陷形成机理及预防

本文通过对SA508GR.3CL.2材料的堆焊层下裂纹缺陷的研究,找出其裂纹形成机理,从而总结出管板堆焊的焊接控制方法,为预防管板堆焊中裂纹的出现,提供理论和实践依据.。