Fretting fatigue crack initiation behavior using process volume approach and finite element analysis

This study investigates crack initiation behavior by incorporating fretting fatigue process volume. Three critical plane based fretting fatigue crack initiation parameters are characterized by computing their averaged values over the process volume and then comparing with their counterparts obtained from the localized approach. Two approaches are used: first one involves the computation of parameter at several points over a rectangular region and then its average, and second approach computes the average state of stress/strain over a radial region from which the averaged parameter is calculated. Both approaches require pre-determination of a critical location at or around which the process volume needs to be placed. Effects of size and location of process volume on the averaged value of parameters are studied in detail. Two radii of cylindrical pad are analyzed to investigate the effect of severity of stress gradient on process volume approach. Effects of finite element mesh refinement are also investigated. Averaged value of parameter decreases with the increase of process volume size. This decrease is higher when the process volume is located in the region that is away from the contact zone. Further, a parameter based on normal stress on the critical plane shows more dependence on the size of process volume than that based on shear stress or on a combination of both shear and normal stresses. Orientation of crack initiation changes within a range that is well within the scatter band of experimental observations as the process volume size increases. Averaged value of parameter for a pad with higher stress gradient has a larger reduction with the increase of process volume size than that with a lower stress gradient. Process volume size has less effect on the averaged value of parameter with coarser finite element mesh. Finally, the localized approach provides a conservative value of fretting fatigue crack initiation parameter compared to its counterpart based on the process volume.     

Simulation model of general human and humanoid motion

In the last decade we have witnessed a rapid growth of Humanoid Robotics, which has already constituted an autonomous research field. Humanoid robots (or simply humanoids) are expected in all situations of humans’ everyday life, “living” and cooperating with us. They will work in services, in homes, and hospitals, and they are even expected to get involved in sports. Hence, they will have to be capable of doing diverse kinds of tasks. This forces the researchers to develop an appropriate mathematical model to support simulation, design, and control of these systems. Another important fact is that today’s, and especially tomorrow’s, humanoid robots will be more and more humanlike in their shape and behavior. A dynamic model developed for an advanced humanoid robot may become a very useful tool for the dynamic analysis of human motion in different tasks (walking, running and jumping, manipulation, various sports, etc.). So, we derive a general model and talk about a human-and-humanoid simulation system. The basic idea is to start from a human/humanoid considered as a free spatial system (“flier”). Particular problems (walking, jumping, etc.) are then considered as different contact tasks – interaction between the flier and various objects (being either single bodies or separate dynamic systems).     

H-POSS表面润湿性的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了水滴在多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(H-POSS)固体表面的润湿性能,H-POSS分子和水分子分别采用COMPASS力场和SPC力场模型。模拟得到H-POSS基体密度为1.84g/cm~3,且X射线衍射模拟发现基体具有明显衍射峰,表现出晶体特性,说明COMPASS力场适用于H-POSS基体的构建与研究。H-POSS表面水接触角的模拟值为104.9°,具有疏水性能。通过直接水解法由三氯硅烷(HSiCl_3)实验合成出H-POSS样品,傅立叶红外表征(FT-IR)发现,在2260、1142和871cm~(-1)波数位置出现吸收峰,证实了所合成的样品为H-POSS。其表面水接触角的实验值为109.3°,与模拟值的相对误差仅为4%,说明分子动力学方法可应用于计算H-POSS材料表面润湿性。模拟结果还表明体系温度影响H-POSS材料的表面润湿性,增大体系温度,表面疏水性能降低。     

连续铸轧过程中的热-力耦合模型及数值计算

提出了具有强温变耦合特性的界面接触热导模型,采用第三类边界条件对铸轧过程中铸坯和铸轧辊辊套的温度场和轧制力分布进行了仿真,仿真结果与实测数据比较吻合。     

弧齿锥齿轮的齿面主动设计及试验验证

齿面印痕和传动误差对齿轮传动的性能起着决定作用,根据齿面印痕的位置、方向及传动误差幅值的要求,在齿面上设计三个啮合点,通过对这三个啮合点的控制,达到对齿面啮合质量的全程控制。在此基础上,为了满足不同的加工要求,又提出按照给定的垂直轮位的值对齿面进行再设计,保证传动误差的幅值不变且接触迹线仅有较小的改变,为弧齿锥齿轮副设计提供了新的方法和途径。最后在磨齿机上加工了一对齿轮,通过印痕检测验证了本文设计方法的正确性。     

双螺杆真空泵新型变速螺线型转子的研究

针对现有渐开线型螺杆转子存在尖点与泄漏通道的问题,提出一种新型变速螺线型螺杆转子.基于螺线理论和啮合原理,建立了变速螺线构建理论,推导了型线方程,研究了不同旋转角函数对变速螺线生成过程和截面面积利用率的影响.通过解析求解和受力模拟,对比了现有的和所提出的两种转子的性能,结果表明:变速螺线型螺杆转子具有较好的啮合特性,连...     

介质温度对换热器胀接接头的影响分析

在换热器不同的工作介质温度下,选取液压胀接后的管板与接头为研究对象,建立了换热管与管板接头三维有限元模型,模拟分析了在10种介质温度下接头胀接后的密封性能和拉脱强度。计算结果表明,在工作状态下,残余接触压力随管程介质温度的升高先增加后减小,然后趋于稳定;拉脱力随温度升高先增大,然后趋于稳定。同常温相比,管程的介质温度升高使它的密封性能和拉脱强度都得到增强。     

基于热弹耦合的双圆弧齿轮接触特性研究

为了探讨高温重载条件下双圆弧齿轮的工作性能、为热弹耦合作用下双圆弧齿轮疲劳寿命的预测提供分析数据,有必要对热弹耦合场下的双圆弧齿轮进行接触特性研究.采用Pro/E与ANSYS联合建模的方式,建立双圆弧齿轮三维有限元热弹耦合模型.利用ANSYS间接耦合方法,在瞬态热分析求得温度场的基础上,在结构分析中定义接触对,采用稳态分析方法进行接触分析,可求得热弹耦合作用下的接触区域、接触应力和弯曲应力.与非耦合场下的分析结果进行了比较.结果表明该方法是可行的.     

由一例真空自耗电弧炉保护跳闸事件谈辅助电极锁紧结构的演进与发展

从实际工作现场一例真空自耗电弧炉辅助电极锁紧结构气压过低造成保护跳闸事件, 思考气压保护的设计缘由, 从而系统地对电弧炉辅助电极锁紧结构的发展过程进行了详尽的说明, 并对在现有锁紧结构下的使用提出建议, 有助于对该电弧炉核心结构加深认识, 也有助于设计、使用人员更深刻的理解该部位结构演进的过程, 为今后的使用、设计或改造工作提供借鉴。     

Correlation investigation between contact approach speed of handheld metal rod and discharge parameters from charged human body

Characteristic measurement of contact discharge currents are made through a hand-held metal rod from charged human body. Correlation coefficients are obtained, through Statistic Package for Social Science （SPSS）, for various charge voltages, which is based on the effect test of electrode contact approach speeds on discharge current parameters of current peaks, maximum rising slope and spark lengths. Discharge parameters at charge voltage 300V are independent on approach speed. For charge voltages equal to and higher than 500V, the contact approach speed has strong positive correlation with discharge parameters of the peak current and the maximum rising slope, whereas has strong negative correlation with the spark length.